Current understanding of male sterility systems in vegetable Brassicas and their exploitation in hybrid breeding

Singh, Saurabh; Dey, S. S.; Bhatia, Reeta; Kumar, Raj; Behera, T. K.

doi:10.1007/s00497-019-00371-y

Cited by 44 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…We raise the question as to whether each of these Rf s is an idiosyncratic example that episodically emerged during plant-species diversification or is there a tendency or trend underlying Rf evolution. To approach this question, we will briefly review plant Rf s. Recent reviews on CMS, Rf and other types of male sterility will help to understand the progress of this research area [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. This question has also been addressed from the viewpoint of evolutionary genetics (reviewed ib [33]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does the Molecular Genetics of Different Types of Restorer-of-Fertility Genes Imply?

Kubo

Arakawa

Honma

et al. 2020

Plants

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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widely used trait for hybrid seed production. Although male sterility is caused by S cytoplasm (male-sterility inducing mitochondria), the action of S cytoplasm is suppressed by restorer-of-fertility (Rf), a nuclear gene. Hence, the genetics of Rf has attained particular interest among plant breeders. The genetic model posits Rf diversity in which an Rf specifically suppresses the cognate S cytoplasm. Molecular analysis of Rf loci in plants has identified various genes; however, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein (a specific type of RNA-binding protein) is so prominent as the Rf-gene product that Rfs have been categorized into two classes, PPR and non-PPR. In contrast, several shared features between PPR- and some non-PPR Rfs are apparent, suggesting the possibility of another grouping. Our present focus is to group Rfs by molecular genetic classes other than the presence of PPRs. We propose three categories that define partially overlapping groups of Rfs: association with post-transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial gene expression, resistance gene-like copy number variation at the locus, and lack of a direct link to S-orf (a mitochondrial ORF associated with CMS). These groups appear to reflect their own evolutionary background and their mechanism of conferring S cytoplasm specificity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does the Molecular Genetics of Different Types of Restorer-of-Fertility Genes Imply?

Kubo

Arakawa

Honma

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The plant mitogenomes also have the remarkable features of presence of highly diverse inter-genetic regions, frequent mt-DNA rearrangements, slow evolution in mtDNA sequences and rapid structural evolution [2,[7][8][9]. On account of these characteristics, the extensive genome reorganization and shuffling in gene order may occur in plant mitogenomes and unusual open reading frames (ORFs) are generated, some of which causes extreme phenotypes such as cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) [2,[10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mitochondrial genes determining CMS phenotype can be masked by fertility restorer genes (Rf) in nuclear genome. Presence of male sterile cytoplasm without the Rf gene in the nuclear genome results in CMS phenotype [2,6,11]. CMS is an important trait to provide new insights into plant nuclear-mitochondrial communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, presently cytoplasm induced male sterility are most widely used in hybrid breeding in cauliflower [13,19]. The wild allies and other closely related Brassica coenospecies serve as the reservoir of different cytoplasms whichare being used to develop CMS throughintraspecific/interspecific/intergeneric hybridization mediated by sexual crossing or protoplast fusion [11,[20][21][22][23][24]. Among the different CMS types, ogu [25]and pol [26]CMS systems are widely used in hybrid breeding of vegetableBrassicas.Once developed the CMS phenotype and the associated mitochondrial genes exhibit a maternal inheritance pattern.Numerous CMS related genes (orfs) have been identified and well characterized in different plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CMS cauliflowers and other Brassica crops withOgura or other alien cytoplastsdisplay complex variations in reproductive features. These reproductive phenotypes are expressed as floral abnormalities such as homeotic-like transformation of stamens to pistil like structures (pistillody), homeotic modification of stamens to petal like structures (petaloidy), carpelloid stamens, adherence of functional stamens to style, partially opened flowers, splitted style with exposed ovule, splitted style, absence of nectaries, rudimentary nectaries and fused flowers [11,[21][22][43][44][45].These floral malformations are result of incongruity between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes [11,37,43]. It is evident that loss of function, mutation or insertion/deletion in MADS-box genes APETALA2, APETALA3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elucidating mitochondrial DNA-markers of Ogura-based CMS linesin Indian cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and their floral abnormalities due to diversity in cyto-nuclear interaction

Singh

Bhatia

Kumar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mitochondrial markers can be used to differentiate diverse mitotypes as well as cytoplasms in angiosperms. In cauliflower, cultivation of hybrids is pivotal in remunerative agriculture and cytoplasmic male sterile lines constitute an important component of the hybrid breeding. Thus, the breeders look for utilizing diverse male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid progamme. In diversifying source of male sterility,it is essential to appropriately differentiate among the available male sterile cytoplasms in cauliflower.PCR polymorphism atthe key mitochondrial genes associated with male sterility will be useful in developing mitochondria specific markers for the different male sterile cytoplasms. Also, the auto and alloplasmic cytonuclear combinations result in complex floral abnormalities.Thus, the study aimed at developing mitotype specific markers of the sterile cytoplasms and to unravel thegenetic effects of the cytonuclear interactions on flower morphology in Indian cauliflowers.Results: In PCR based analysis using a set of primers targeted to orf-138, 76 Indian cauliflower lines showed presence of Ogura cytoplasm though amplicons showed polymorphism within the ofr-138 sequence. The polymorphic loci were found to be spanning over 200-280 bp and 410-470bp genomic regions of BnTR4 and orf125, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that such cytoplasmic genetic variations could be due to single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion or deletions of31/51 nucleotides.The cytoplasmic effects on varying nuclear-genetic backgrounds led to varying degree of floral malformations ranging from reduction in flower size, stamens and style length, modification in position of styleand anthers, absence of non-functional stamens to other floral abnormalities. These floral malformations caused dysplasia of flower structure affecting female fertility and inefficient nectar production.Conclusions: The mitochondria specific markers can distinguish ogurabased male sterile cytoplasm. Large number of Indian cauliflower lines showed mitotype variations even within the ogura based cytoplasm. Variable nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions resulted into diverse type of floral malformationsin addition to pollen sterility even within the group of ogura based CMS lines. The finding provide important reference ameliorate understanding of mechanism of cytonuclear interactions in floral organ development in Brassicas. The study will help the breeders in selecting CMS lines without any floral abnormalities in B. oleracea.

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Characterization of agronomic traits and genomic diversity in a newly assembled radish core collection

Huh,

Cho,

Yim

et al. 2023

Crop Science

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Crop breeding programs are reliant on the genetic diversity of varieties and germplasm collections. Raphanus sativus L. is a root crop species of the Brassicaceae family that accounts for approximately 2% of global vegetable production. We recently reported the assembly of a new radish core collection consisting of 125 accessions obtained from worldwide germplasm banks. To develop a comprehensive plant resource for radish research and breeding, we characterized the agronomic traits of 83 accessions and analyzed their genome‐wide DNA variations along with 17 previously analyzed accessions. A total of 14 agronomically important root, leaf, and flower phenotypic traits were examined according to the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Plant Varieties. Chemical diversity in radish roots was investigated by measuring their sugar, glucosinolate, and anthocyanin contents. Through high‐depth whole‐genome resequencing of 100 accessions and multi‐sample genotyping analysis using the Rs2.0 genome assembly as a reference, we identified a total of 796,294 homozygous high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Genetic structural analysis using a neighbor‐joining algorithm and multi‐dimensional scaling analysis of the variations were applied to classify the accessions into three major groups, including 37 and 55 accessions of European and Asian cultivated radishes, respectively, and 8 wild radish accessions. For each accession, the mitochondria‐encoded Ogura cytoplasmic male‐sterility determinant orf138 and nuclear fertility restorer PPR‐B genes were reconstructed by reference‐guided assembly. It is anticipated that these genetic diversity and agronomic properties of the radish core collection will facilitate breeding programs to develop new radish cultivars with desirable profiles.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Current understanding of male sterility systems in vegetable Brassicas and their exploitation in hybrid breeding

Cited by 44 publications

References 264 publications

What Does the Molecular Genetics of Different Types of Restorer-of-Fertility Genes Imply?

What Does the Molecular Genetics of Different Types of Restorer-of-Fertility Genes Imply?

Elucidating mitochondrial DNA-markers of Ogura-based CMS linesin Indian cauliflowers (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and their floral abnormalities due to diversity in cyto-nuclear interaction

Characterization of agronomic traits and genomic diversity in a newly assembled radish core collection

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