“…In response to the increasing debt burden of many governments in LICs at the end of the 1980s, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank initiated in 1996 a large-scale debt relief program, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (HIPC I). The implementation of this firstever coordinated debt relief effort stemmed from the failure of traditional debt measures by the Paris Club to effectively restore debt sustainability among LICs (Daseking and Powell, 1999;Ferry and Raffinot, 2019). 2 .…”