Curve patterns in idiopathic scoliosis. A clinical and radiographic study

Cruickshank, J.; Koike, Masato; Dickson, R. A.

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.71b2.2925744

Cited by 48 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Scoliosis is a three-dimensional (3D) deformity of the spine with curvatures occurring in all three planes [1]. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the scoliotic deviation has been associated with wedging of both vertebrae and discs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Vertebral Wedging in Mild and Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundVertebral wedging is associated with spinal deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Reporting frontal and sagittal wedging separately could be misleading since these are projected values of a single three-dimensional deformation of the vertebral body. The objectives of this study were to determine if three-dimensional vertebral body wedging is present in mild scoliosis and if there are a preferential vertebral level, position and plane of deformation with increasing scoliotic severity.MethodologyTwenty-seven adolescent idiopathic scoliotic girls with mild to moderate Cobb angles (10° to 50°) participated in this study. All subjects had at least one set of bi-planar radiographs taken with the EOS® X-ray imaging system prior to any treatment. Subjects were divided into two groups, separating the mild (under 20°) from the moderate (20° and over) spinal scoliotic deformities. Wedging was calculated in three different geometric planes with respect to the smallest edge of the vertebral body.ResultsFactorial analyses of variance revealed a main effect for the scoliosis severity but no main effect of vertebral Levels (apex and each of the three vertebrae above and below it) (F = 1.78, p = 0.101). Main effects of vertebral Positions (apex and above or below it) (F = 4.20, p = 0.015) and wedging Planes (F = 34.36, p<0.001) were also noted. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated a greater wedging in the inferior group of vertebrae (3.6°) than the superior group (2.9°, p = 0.019) and a significantly greater wedging (p≤0.03) along the sagittal plane (4.3°).ConclusionsVertebral wedging was present in mild scoliosis and increased as the scoliosis progressed. The greater wedging of the inferior group of vertebrae could be important in estimating the most distal vertebral segment to be restrained by bracing or to be fused in surgery. Largest vertebral body wedging values obtained in the sagittal plane support the claim that scoliosis could be initiated through a hypokyphosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Vertebral Wedging in Mild and Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

et al. 2013

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“…An important way to evaluate these structural changes is the detailed study of radiographic images of the scoliotic spine. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Geometric variables in either 1 or 2 planes on conventional film-based radiographic images have been used in many reports. However, these studies were restricted by difficulties in obtaining information pertaining to all 3 planes (frontal, sagittal and transverse) of the scoliotic deformity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geometric and Electromyographic Assessments in the Evaluation of Curve Progression in Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cheung

Veldhuizen²,

Halberts³

et al. 2006

Spine

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In the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis, SGV and EMG ratio at the lower end vertebra are prominent risk factors of curve progression. The asymmetric muscle activity is associated with increased axial rotation, which in its turn is associated with increasing Cobb angle and diminishing kyphosis. The combination of these variables provides insight in the physiologic and 3-dimensional biomechanical evolution of the natural history of curve progression in idiopathic scoliosis.

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“…Thus newer descriptors have been devised developing further anatomical classification of scoliotic deformity. [17]. They suggested that a lordotic segment in the curve offered an explanation of curve progressions and offered an anatomical basis of treatment.…”

Section: King Classification 1983mentioning

confidence: 99%

The classification of spinal deformities

Dangerfield¹

2003

Pediatric Rehabilitation

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Any methods of classification of scoliosis deformity devised should recognise different aetiological and pathological causes of the conditions and their likely impact on the natural history of the spinal curvature. Such classification should aim to aid clinicians in their approach to treatment. Furthermore, any such system must have a high reliability and validity. Several approaches have been reported. Pathological classifications have been devised which relate to the system or tissue affected by the underlying pathology, such as congenital anomalies which affect the skeletal elements of the spine, general neurological problems or muscular disorders. Classification by age of onset has also been adopted, using criteria such as infancy or adolescence. However, most attention has been focussed on structural features of the spine in developing anatomical classifications. Features such as the apex or magnitude of a curvature or its rotation are important clinical signs and are widely used in surgical practice. This paper reviews the different classification reported but make no attempt to justify one as being ideal. However, since the biological processes contributing to the deformity and its subsequent natural history are still unclear, it remains difficult to develop a fully reliable and all embracing system of classification.

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Curve patterns in idiopathic scoliosis. A clinical and radiographic study

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Three-Dimensional Vertebral Wedging in Mild and Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Three-Dimensional Vertebral Wedging in Mild and Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Geometric and Electromyographic Assessments in the Evaluation of Curve Progression in Idiopathic Scoliosis

The classification of spinal deformities

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