The use of visible light to propel chemical reactions
is an exciting
area of study that is crucial in the current socioeconomic environment.
However, various photocatalysts have been developed to harness visible
light, which consume high energy during synthesis. Thus, synthesizing
photocatalysts at gel–liquid interfaces in ambient conditions
is of scientific importance. Herein, we report an environmentally
benign sodium alginate gel being used as a biopolymer template to
synthesize copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructures at the gel–liquid
interface. The driving force for the synthesis of CuS nanostructures
is varied by changing the pH of the reaction medium (i.e., pH 7.4,
10, and 13) to tailor the morphology of CuS nanostructures. The CuS
nanoflakes obtained at pH 7.4 transform into nanocubes when the pH
is raised to 10, and the nanostructures deform at the pH of 13. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms all the characteristic
stretching of sodium alginate, whereas the CuS nanostructures are
crystallized in a hexagonal crystal system, as revealed by the powder
X-ray diffraction analysis. The high-resolution X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) spectra show the +2 and −2 oxidation states
of copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) ions, respectively. The CuS nanoflakes
physisorbed a higher concentration of greenhouse CO2 gas.
Owing to a lower band gap of CuS nanoflakes synthesized at a pH of
7.4, compared to other CuS nanostructures prepared at pH 10 and 13,
CuS photocatalytically degrades 95% of crystal violet and 98% of methylene
blue aqueous dye solutions in 60 and 90 min, respectively, under blue
light illumination. Additionally, sodium alginate–copper sulfide
(SA-CuS) nanostructures synthesized at a pH of 7.4 demonstrate excellent
performance in photoredox reactions to convert ferricyanide to ferrocyanide.
The current research opens the door to developing new photocatalytic
pathways for a wide range of photochemical reactions involving nanoparticle-impregnated
alginate composites prepared on gel interfaces.