Cushing’s syndrome—an epidemiological study based on a canine population of 21,281 dogs

Carotenuto, G.; Malerba, Eleonora; Dolfini, Costanza; Brugnoli, Francesca; Giannuzzi, Pasquale; Semprini, Giovanni; Tosolini, Paolo; Fracassi, Federico

doi:10.4314/ovj.v9i1.5

Cited by 34 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The population characteristics (age, sex, reproductive status and breed) of the dogs included in our study, as well as the proportion of dogs with PDH or ADH, were in agreement with the literature. 3,[38][39][40] Age, BCS, sex and reproductive status were not related to SBP as found in a previous study. 11 Age has been related to SH in adults with CS, 7 however, an increase in SBP related to age is well recognized in the general human population, 41 so it is unclear whether age is an independent factor for the development of SH for people with hypercortisolism.…”

Section: Systolic Blood Pressuresupporting

confidence: 61%

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism

José

Arenas

Moral

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Systemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) however there are not many studies assessing its prevalence and risk factors. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and severity of SH in dogs with HAC and its association with clinical and laboratory findings to identify potential risk factors. Animals: Sixty-six client owned dogs with spontaneous HAC. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records of dogs with HAC were reviewed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using Doppler ultrasonography. Clinical signs, physical examination findings and clinicopathologic data (CBC, serum biochemistry and electrolytes, urinalysis and urinary culture, and adrenal function tests) were reviewed for analysis. Results: Prevalence of SH (≥150 mm Hg) was 82% (54/66) and prevalence of severe SH (≥180 mm Hg) was 46% (30/66). All dogs with thrombocytosis had SH (P = .002), and a platelet count ≥438 × 10 3 /μL was 100% specific and 61.1% sensitive to predict SH (AUC = .802, P = .001). Median potassium levels were lower in hypertensive dogs (4.1 mEq/L, range 3.1-5.4 mEq/L) than in normotensive ones (4.5 mEq/L, range 4.0-5.0 mEq/L) (P = .007). Dogs with UPC ≥ 0.5 had higher median SBP than those without proteinuria (P = .03). Dogs with concurrent diabetes mellitus seemed to have a reduced risk of SH (OR = .118, 95%CI = .022-.626, P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Systemic hypertension is common in dogs with HAC and is frequently severe. Blood pressure should be routinely assessed in these dogs, especially if thrombocytosis, proteinuria or low potassium concentrations are present.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Systolic Blood Pressuresupporting

confidence: 61%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism

José

Arenas

Moral

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…A sex predisposition for Cushing's syndrome has been investigated in studies examining this causal relationship, with no clear association determined. 2,16,45 However it must be reiterated that the primary aim of the current study was to describe the predictive rather than the causal relationships between the 2 groups being investigated. 46 47 Raised ALKP has been frequently reported in dogs with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.…”

Section: Prediction Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous Cushing's syndrome (or hyperadrenocorticism) is one of the more common endocrine diseases in dogs with an estimated UK prevalence of 0.28%. 1,2 Cases of Cushing's syndrome typically show varying combinations of polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, muscle atrophy, hepatomegaly, dermatological changes, and laboratory changes. 1,[3][4][5] Specific diagnostic tests such as the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test and the low dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) are commonly used to increase confidence in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A timely and correct diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome is important because of the reduced quality-of-life in affected dogs and to ensure dogs are appropriately managed while living with the disease. 15 Although individual risk factors such as age, breed, and sex have been associated with the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome, 1,2,16 the cumulative risk and predictive value from combinations of results from these risk factors for individual dogs are unknown. The previously reported explanatory regression models provide population level inferences about the strength of a risk factor association in relation to the causal hypothesis, but these are not directly applicable to the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in individual dogs by practitioners in practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and internal validation of a prediction tool to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending primary‐care practice

Schofield

Brodbelt

Niessen

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Novel methods to aid identification of dogs with spontaneous Cushing's syndrome are warranted to optimize case selection for diagnostics, avoid unnecessary testing, and ultimately aid decision-making for veterinarians. Hypothesis/Objectives: To develop and internally validate a prediction tool for dogs receiving a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome using primary-care electronic health records. Animals: Three hundred and ninety-eight dogs diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome and 541 noncase dogs, tested for but not diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome, from a cohort of 905 544 dogs attending VetCompass participating practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was performed. A prediction model was developed using multivariable binary logistic regression taking the demography, presenting clinical signs and some routine laboratory results into consideration. Predictive performance of each model was assessed and internally validated through bootstrap resampling. A novel clinical prediction tool was developed from the final model. Results: The final model included predictor variables sex, age, breed, polydipsia, vomiting, potbelly/hepatomegaly, alopecia, pruritus, alkaline phosphatase, and urine specific gravity. The model demonstrated good discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUROC] = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.75-0.81]; optimism-adjusted AUROC = 0.76) and calibration (C-slope = 0.86). A tool was developed from the model which calculates the predicted likelihood of a dog having Cushing's syndrome from 0% (score = −13) to 96% (score = 10).

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Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Endocrine Disease

Costa,

Jones,

Graves

2024

Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia

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Cushing’s syndrome—an epidemiological study based on a canine population of 21,281 dogs

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism

Prevalence and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism

Development and internal validation of a prediction tool to aid the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome in dogs attending primary‐care practice

Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Anesthetic Management of Patients with Endocrine Disease

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