“…With this, CACBs face severe challenges such as inconspicuous brand characteristics, weak product innovation, high costs of consumer acquisition, and low consumer engagement ( Tangchaiburana and Techametheekul, 2017 ; Park and Yoo, 2018 ). Additionally, complex customization processes, unreasonable prices, and low-quality after-sales services disincentivize consumers ( Merle et al, 2010 ; Liu et al, 2020 ), but can be solved by identifying dimensions that construct brand value for brand building ( Sok and O’Cass, 2011 ; Saleh and Alotaibi, 2018 ; Cambra-Fierro et al, 2021 ). Brand value is the sale or replacement price of a brand ( Raggio and Leone, 2009 ), and it represents the extent to which a brand increases or decreases the total value of a firm ( Yeung and Ramasamy, 2008 ).…”