“…The concept of customer brand engagement (CBE) is gaining increased momentum within the hospitality branding literature (King, Sparks, & Wang, 2016;Leckie, Nyadzayo, & Johnson, 2016;Rather, Hollebeek, & Islam, 2019;So, So, King, & Sparks, 2014). The individual customers' interaction with the brands is characterized by specific levels of cognitive, emotional and behavioral activities (Kumar, Rajan, Gupta, & Dalla Pozza, 2017;Rather, 2018). Previous empirical research reported that consumer-brand engagement can lead to customer loyalty and increase the profitability for the business (Aaker, Fournier, & Brasel, 2004;Bowden, 2009;Brodie, Ilic, Juric, & Hollebeek, 2013;Leckie et al, 2016;Rather, 2019;So, King, Sparks, & Wang, 2014).…”