“…A number of technologies have been introduced for improving localization accuracy (up to centimeters) in the absence of the GPS, such as WLAN [ 11 , 12 ], Bluetooth [ 13 , 14 ], ZigBee [ 15 , 16 ], Ultrasound [ 17 ], GSM/CDMA [ 18 , 19 ], Acoustic Position System (APS) [ 20 ], and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) technology [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The localization approaches are usually classified into three categories: (1) range-based [ 25 ], (2) angle-based [ 26 ] and (3) proximity-based [ 27 ]. Among these, range-based systems are considered to be more accurate [ 25 ].…”