Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue

Gent, A. N.; Lindley, P. B.; Thomas, A. G.

doi:10.1002/app.1964.070080129

Cited by 252 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For unfilled natural rubber (NR), β ≈ 2. 14, 15 The relationship in Figure 6 is nearly quadratic, with at least some of the difference reflecting the changes in the material itself. …”

Section: Failure Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of Natural Rubber in Air and Seawater

Mott

Roland

2001

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Accelerated aging experiments were carried out on a natural rubber vulcanizate exposed to air and to seawater. Failure strain, shown to correlate well with the fatigue lifetime, was used to monitor the extent of degradation. The effect of temperature on the rate of aging followed an Arrhenius law, with activation energies equal to 90 ± 4 and 63 ± 3 kJ/mol for air and seawater aging, respectively. The difference can be accounted for by the difference in oxygen concentration for the two environments.

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“…For unfilled natural rubber (NR), β ≈ 2. 14, 15 The relationship in Figure 6 is nearly quadratic, with at least some of the difference reflecting the changes in the material itself. …”

Section: Failure Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging of Natural Rubber in Air and Seawater

Mott

Roland

2001

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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“…This has subsequently led to a demand for the investigation of fatigue behaviour of rubber components, especially in conditions of multi-axial loading. Some authors proposed the use of maximum principal stretch (λmax) [13,14], maximum principal Cauchy stress (tmax) [15] or strain energy density (W) [16,17] as predictors of rubber fatigue. More recently, several sophisticated multi-axial fatigue life predictors, based on critical plane-based approaches, have been developed for rubbers [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

Zhou¹,

Jerrams²,

Betts³

et al. 2015

Materials & Design

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The equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of silicone based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) with various volume fractions of carbonyl iron particles ranging between 15% and 35% was studied. Wöhler curves for each material were derived by cycling test samples to failure over a range of stress amplitudes. Changes in complex modulus (E*) and dynamic stored energy during the fatigue process were observed. As for other elastic solids, fatigue resistance of MREs with different particle contents was shown to be dependent on the stress amplitudes applied. MREs with low particle content showed the highest fatigue life at high stress amplitudes while MREs with high particle content exhibited the highest fatigue resistance at low stress amplitudes. E* fell with the accumulation of cycles for each material, but the change was dependent on the particle content and stress amplitude applied. However, each material failed in a range suggesting a limiting value of E* for the material between 1.22 MPa and 1.38 MPa regardless of the particle content and the magnitude of the stress amplitude. In keeping with results from previous testing, it was shown that dynamic stored energy can be used to predict the fatigue life of MREs having a wide variation in particle content.

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“…Generally, a quadratic dependence of N on strain energy release rate is found for natural rubber. 18 While for DPNR single networks, the exponent in Equation 1 is close to -2, for the double networks b ≈ -6. This stronger dependence of N on strain energy for double networks was noted previously, 9 although its origin remains unclear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Role of Strain Crystallization in the Fatigue Resistance of Double Network Elastomers

Santangelo¹,

Roland²

2003

Rubber Chemistry and Technology

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Double networks were prepared from guayule rubber (GR), deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR), and styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR), and their properties compared to conventional "single networks" having the same crosslink density. Substantial residual strains (> 150%) were obtained in all double networks, whereby the modulus parallel to the residual strain was enhanced. For the two strain-crystallizing elastomers, the fatigue resistance of the double networks (for extensions parallel to the residual strain) was higher than for their single network counterparts. Moreover, the guayule rubber, which is more strain-crystallizable than DPNR, exhibited the greater enhancement. For the amorphous SBR, on the other hand, the network structure had an insignificant effect on the fatigue life. These results demonstrate that longer mechanical fatigue lifetimes in double network rubbers are a consequence of their intrinsic orientation. This provides the capacity to retain crystallinity at the front of growing cracks, even in the absence of stress. The origin of the improved fatigue resistance is similar to the mechanism responsible for the better performance of strain-crystallizing rubbers subjected to non-relaxing cyclic deformations.

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Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. I. The relationship between cut growth and fatigue

Cited by 252 publications

References 3 publications

Aging of Natural Rubber in Air and Seawater

Aging of Natural Rubber in Air and Seawater

The influence of particle content on the equi-biaxial fatigue behaviour of magnetorheological elastomers

Role of Strain Crystallization in the Fatigue Resistance of Double Network Elastomers

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