Cutaneous adverse reactions of COVID ‐19 vaccines: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Numerous vaccines are implementation for the prevention of severe course and lethal outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 .Objective: This systematic review aims to summarize and integrated the ndings of studies regarding cutaneous side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: This systematic review conducted by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Articles were reviewed and analyzed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist.Results: Seventeen studies were included after the screening of search results based on to the eligibility criteria. The results showed that injection site reactions and delayed large local reactions were the most common side effects arising from all vaccine types. Most cutaneous reactions occurred in middleaged women, after the rst dose of vaccine, and 1-21 days after vaccination. Most cutaneous reactions were self-limiting, need little or no therapeutic intervention, and were not regarded as a barrier to injecting a second dose. Limitations:Conclusion: In certain groups such as patients with allergies and a history of local injection reactions, pre-vaccination counseling and the use of appropriate medications may be helpful. However, more studies are needed to investigate the side effect pro le of all COVID-19 vaccines.This study was a systematic review that was performed by searching the scienti c databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of knowledge for relevant English articles published from the beginning of the COVID-19 to10/5/2021. Analysis of retrieved articles was performed in four-step selection process of identi cation, screening, eligibility, and inclusion criteria, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Search strategyWe conducted a comprehensive search on the scienti c databases using MeSH keywords including: COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR Coronavirus OR "Corona virus" OR COVID; AND vaccine OR vaccines OR vaccination OR sputnik OR astrazeneca OR P zer OR sinopharm OR moderna OR bharat OR "Johnson &Johnson"; AND effect OR reaction OR adverse OR subsequence OR consequence OR complication OR outcome OR aftereffect OR disorder OR disturbance OR sequel; AND skin OR cutaneous OR Derm OR dermis OR keratinocyte OR dermatology.To nd more studies, the references in the relevant papers were also followed up. The search was performed by two independent researchers. Study selectionIn the rst step two researchers reviewed the retrieved articles and removed the duplicates. In other steps, the researchers screened the title and abstract of the records and the ineligible studies were removed. Then, the authors surveyed the full-text of the remaining studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and the eligible studies (case report, case series, and cross-sectional) were identi ed.We excluded the articles which were topic to at least one of the following criteria: N...

Global incidence pattern and factors associated with common cutaneous reactions related to COVID-19 vaccination of 2.55 million participants in real-world settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…As suggested by previous studies, rash and urticaria have been the most studied systemic skin reactions related to COVID-19 vaccines [ 31 ]. Moreover, local injection site reactions were one of the most prevalent reactions [ 53 , 54 ]. After vaccination, the human body generates an immune response; meanwhile, the inflammation in the muscle at the injection site may occur [ 53 ].…”

“…After vaccination, the human body generates an immune response; meanwhile, the inflammation in the muscle at the injection site may occur [ 53 ]. These responses can contribute to the adverse skin reactions [ 54 ]. We found that the incidence rates of these systemic reactions were very low and that related concerns were unnecessary.…”

“…Except for local pain, other localized reactions showed lower incidence (95% CI = 5.8-13.3%). Furthermore, Qaderi et al [ 54 ] reported that most COVID-19 vaccine-induced skin reactions were self-limiting and needed little or no therapeutic intervention. Therefore, concerns about adverse skin reactions should not be a reason to avoid vaccination.…”

Aquagenic Urticaria in an Adolescent Following COVID-19 Vaccine

“…1 These safe and effective vaccines have been associated with cutaneous reactions in a subset of patients.The most common cutaneous reactions are delayed injection site reactions involving redness, swelling, pain, or induration that occur within 7 days following vaccination. 2,3 Most reactions are self-limiting and do not require treatment. More rare vaccine reactions include urticaria, morbilliform eruptions, pityriasis rosea, and vasculitis.…”

“…More rare vaccine reactions include urticaria, morbilliform eruptions, pityriasis rosea, and vasculitis. 2,3 In one large review of 40,640 patients who received mRNA vaccines, urticaria involving itchy wheels occurred in 0.3% of patients after the first vaccine dose…”