Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Handler, Marc Z.; Patel, Pratik; Kapila, Rajendra; Al‐Qubati, Yasin; Schwartz, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.09.014

Cited by 164 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…[3] Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis is common in HIV-affected patients. [4] Visceral leishmaniasis can occur as an opportunistic infection in late stages of HIV infection. About 1700 cases have been reported worldwide in 33 countries, India having the highest number of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study revealed that 11% of patients with HIV in Mediterranean Basin had Leishmania infantum in the bone marrow aspirates. [4] Cases of leishmaniasis have been reported within lesions of Kaposi sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma in HIV-infected patients. [6] Coinfection leads to increased treatment failure, relapse, drug toxicity, and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual presentation of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patient

Bains

Vedant

Gupta³

et al. 2016

Indian J Sex Transm Dis

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Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasite of genus leishmania. Visceral leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, and atypical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis are common in HIV-infected patients. Our patient presented with an obstructive mass in nasal cavity and was diagnosed as a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Spontaneous healing of lesions in HIV-infected patients is rare rather they are unresponsive to treatment and have frequent relapses, especially in patients with low CD4 count. However, in our patient, the lesion improved significantly after 2 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual presentation of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patient

Bains

Vedant

Gupta³

et al. 2016

Indian J Sex Transm Dis

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show abstract

“…However, it may occasionally present with atypical presentations, such as with a zosteriform pattern, as hyperkeratotic psoriasiform, as eczematoid, or as erysipeloid, lupoid, sporotrichoid, nodular, warty, impetiginized and acneiform lesions [2]. Both typical and atypical CLs are differentiated from other dermal diseases, such as chromoblastomycosis, lobomycosis, cutaneous diphtheria, rhinoscleroma, tropical pyoderma, plaque psoriasis, psoriasis or keloids, using cytopathological or molecular methods [2,25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Genetic Heterogeneity with Cytopathological and Epidemiological Findings of <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b> Isolated from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran

Shirian

Oryan²,

Hatam³

et al. 2016

Acta Cytologica

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Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has recently grown into a major public health problem in 88 countries of the world, including Iran. It is a polymorphic disease which may show various clinicopathological features. Although the effect of the genetic diversity of the parasite has been demonstrated as one of the factors influencing clinical manifestations in CL, no data exist regarding the genetic variation of Leishmania major and its microscopical features. Study Design: Fine-needle aspiration, touch smears and the histological sections of 100 patients were examined for Leishmania amastigotes, using Giemsa and hematoxylin and eosin. Diverse types of inflammatory cells in the 40 positive and 5 negative smears were differentiated. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was amplified using nested PCR and subsequently sequenced. Sequencing analysis of the amplified kDNA was used to investigate the genetic variations among L. major isolates and to correlate the findings with microscopical features and geographical origins. Results: The quantified amastigote density in the 40 positive touch smears was blindly classified by 3 observers. Grade I, II, III and IV had 7, 13, 9 and 11 cases, respectively. The microscopical features, the mean percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes and other inflammatory cells, and the leishmanial density of the grades and negative cytopathological samples were contrasting. kDNA amplification of L. major was detected from the cutaneous lesion, and 21 of these amplicons were successfully sequenced. Conclusions: These results indicate that L. major strains causing CL in southern Iran are genetically diverse; furthermore, a correlation between the genetic heterogeneity of the parasite, the microscopical manifestation and the geographical regions of the disease in humans was found.

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“…Cure rates can range widely from 52 to 95 % with antimonials [47][48][49]. Oral miltefosine may also be used in both Old World and New World disease as it has been shown to be efficacious and relatively well tolerated compared with antimonials [50]. As second-line therapy, liposomal or non-liposomal amphotericin B are effective in patients who are non-responsive to antimonials.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Got the Travel Bug? A Review of Common Infections, Infestations, Bites, and Stings Among Returning Travelers

2016

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The popularity of international travel continues to increase among Americans, even though they often experience subsequent illness on return from their journey. The pathogens responsible are not necessarily endemic to the destination itself but are often the result of poor sanitary conditions or activities engaged in while away. Skin disease ranks third among all medical concerns in returning travelers. This review addresses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of the most common skin diseases in returning travelers: insect bites and bedbugs, cutaneous larva migrans, scabies, tungiasis, myiasis, leishmaniasis, viral exanthems, and marine envenomation. Primary care physicians and dermatologists should be familiar with these illnesses and a general approach to their evaluation and management. Key PointsArthropod assault and infestation is a source of significant morbidity in returning travelers.Travelers should bring proper protective clothing and insect repellant when travelling to areas where biting insects are vectors of disease.Travelers should be acquainted with the hazards associated with local marine life if they plan on entering the water.

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Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Cited by 164 publications

References 130 publications

Unusual presentation of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patient

Unusual presentation of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patient

Correlation of Genetic Heterogeneity with Cytopathological and Epidemiological Findings of <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b> Isolated from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southern Iran

Got the Travel Bug? A Review of Common Infections, Infestations, Bites, and Stings Among Returning Travelers

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