Cutaneous and Respiratory Water Loss in Larks from Arid and Mesic Environments

Tieleman, B. Irene; Williams, JB

doi:10.1086/344491

Cited by 91 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We measured CWL using standard flow-through respirometry methods (10,34) on postabsortive fledglings during their inactive phase. We placed fledglings in a sealed stainless-steel metabolic chamber (0.44 liters) at 35°C, on a wire mesh platform over a layer of mineral oil to trap feces.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We measured CWL and respiratory water loss using a mask system to separate these two avenues of water loss (10). Atmospheric air was drawn through a column of Drierite to remove water, and then into the metabolism chamber.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CWL was calculated by using the equation CWL ϭ ( chamber Ϫ in) (VЈe1 ϩ VЈe2), where chamber is absolute humidity of air in the chamber (g/m 3 , STP), in is absolute humidity of air entering the chamber (STP), VЈe1 is flow rate at the dew-point hygrometer of the first port, and VЈe2 is flow rate at the dew-point hygrometer of the second port; flow rates were calculated as in ref. 10.…”

Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and B. I. Tieleman, unpublished work). At such high body temperatures, desert birds rapidly increase rates of respiratory water loss, and to a small extent CWL, to maintain body temperature below lethal limits (10). Thus, the skin of desert birds serves antagonistic roles, water conservation at normothermic temperatures and, to some degree, thermoregulation at high environmental temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows

Muñoz‐Garcia

Williams

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum (SC), the outer layer of the epidermis, form a barrier to water vapor diffusion through the skin. Previously, we measured cutaneous water loss (CWL) and lipid composition of the SC of adult house sparrows from two populations, one living in the deserts of Saudi Arabia and another living in mesic Ohio. Adult desert house sparrows had a lower CWL, a lower proportion of free fatty acids, and a higher proportion of ceramides and cerebrosides in the SC compared with mesic sparrows. In this study, we investigated developmental plasticity of CWL and lipid composition of the SC in desert and mesic nestling house sparrows reared in low and high humidity and compared our results with previous work on adults. We measured CWL of nestlings and analyzed the lipid composition of the SC using thin-layer chromatography. We showed that nestling house sparrows from both localities had higher CWL than adults in their natural environment, a result of major modifications of the lipid composition of the SC. The expression of plasticity in CWL seems to be a response to opposed selection pressures, thermoregulation and water conservation, at different life stages, on which regulation of CWL plays a crucial role. Desert nestlings showed a greater degree of plasticity in CWL and lipid composition of the SC than did mesic nestlings, a finding consistent with the idea that organisms exposed to more environmental stress ought to be more plastic than individuals living in more benign environments.ceramides ͉ cerebrosides

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Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Of Cwlmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows

Muñoz‐Garcia

Williams

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Relatively little is known about rates of respiratory evaporation versus cutaneous evaporation in bats (Bassett et al 2009), particularly compared with birds, where it is well established that the relative importance of REWL and CEWL for thermoregulation at air temperatures (T a ) approaching and exceeding T b varies widely among orders (Wolf and Walsberg 1996;Tieleman and Williams 2002;McKechnie and Wolf 2004). Chew and White (1960) were the first to partition TEWL into the respiratory and cutaneous components in bats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

Minnaar¹,

Bennett²,

Chimimba³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The relative contributions of respiratory and cutaneous evaporation to total evaporative water loss (TEWL) and how the partitioning of these two avenues varies with environmental temperature has received little attention in bats. We trained Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi) captured in Pretoria, South Africa, to wear latex masks while hanging in respirometry chambers, and we measured respiratory evaporative water loss (REWL) and cutaneous evaporative water loss (CEWL) over air temperatures (T a ) from 10Њ to 40ЊC. The bats' normothermic body temperature (T b ) was approximately 36ЊC, which increased at higher T a to 40.5Њ ‫ע‬ 1.0ЊC at T a ≈ 40ЊC. Both TEWL and resting metabolic rate (RMR) increased sharply at T a 135ЊC, with a mean TEWL at 40ЊC equivalent to 411% of that at 30ЊC. The increase in TEWL was driven by large increases in both CEWL and REWL. CEWL comprised more than 50% of TEWL over the entire T a range, with the exception of T a ≈ 40ЊC, where REWL accounted for 58% of evaporative water loss. Surface area-specific CEWL increased approximately sixfold with increasing T a . Thermoregulation at T a approaching or exceeding T b involved a considerable energetic cost, with RMR at T a ≈ 40ЊC exceeding by 24% that measured at T a ≈ 10ЊC. Our data do not support recent arguments that respiratory gas exchange across the wing membranes represents 5%-10% of the total in E. wahlbergi.

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When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

Rozen‐Rechels

Dupoué

Lourdais

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

133

109

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The regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo‐hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo‐hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost–benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo‐hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo‐hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource‐based trade‐offs, and life‐history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.

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Cutaneous and Respiratory Water Loss in Larks from Arid and Mesic Environments

Cited by 91 publications

References 39 publications

Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows

Developmental plasticity of cutaneous water loss and lipid composition in stratum corneum of desert and mesic nestling house sparrows

Partitioning of Evaporative Water Loss into Respiratory and Cutaneous Pathways in Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi)

When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

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