Cutaneous appearance of mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, affecting gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

Davidovich, Nadav; Pretto, Tobia; Al-Ashhab, Ashraf; Zilberg, Dina; Blum, Shlomo E.; Baider, Zina; Edery, Nir; Morick, Danny; Grossman, Rona; Kaidar-Shwartz, Hasia; Dveyrin, Zeev; Rorman, Efrat

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735507

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In Israel, there are several offshore marine farms along the Israeli Mediterranean coastline. Gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) is the dominant mariculture species, with an annual production in 2018 of 2450 tons, and 2310 tons in 2019 [ 11 ]. Global aquaculture production has constantly increased during the last five decades [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Vibrio Species and Mycobacterium Species in Wild and Cultured Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2020

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In contrast to numerous documented pathogens and infectious diseases of aquaculture, there is a lack of baseline data and information regarding pathogenic agents’ prevalence in wild marine fish populations. This study focused on two common fish pathogenic microorganisms, namely Mycobacterium species and Vibrio species, both of which are known to be major causes of fish loss, occasionally to the extent of being a limiting factor in fish production. Both microorganisms are known as zoonotic agents. In total, 210 wild marine indigenous and Lessepsian fish from four different species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea were sampled and tested for Vibrio species and Mycobacterium species during a two-year period (2016–2017). Using PCR with 16S rRNA primers, we detected different strain variations of Mycobacterium species and Vibrio species and, based on the sequencing results, the overall prevalence for Vibrio species in wild fish in 2016 was significantly higher compared to 2017. No significant difference was detected for Mycobacterium species prevalence in wild fish between 2016 and 2017. In addition, 72 gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from an Israeli offshore marine farm were also examined during the two-year period (2017–2018). The results suggest that Mycobacterium species prevalence was significantly higher in 2018, while in 2017 there was no positive results for Mycobacterium species. In addition, there was no significant difference between both years in regard to the prevalence of Vibrio species for maricultured fish. These results highlight the necessity of continuous molecular monitoring in order to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in both wild and cultured fish populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Vibrio Species and Mycobacterium Species in Wild and Cultured Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2020

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“…European sea bass was the most numerous species analyzed and was the one with the greatest number of positive samples (19/70, p = 27.1%), confirming that mycobacteriosis is a constant problem for the breeding of this species [21][22][23]. Although the extent of mycobacteriosis appears to be less than in sea bass [22,24], M. pseudoshottsii was also isolated in sea bream. The entity of the findings in sea bream need to be clarified, as only one fish (1/10, p = 10%) tested positive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?

Mugetti

Varello

Gustinelli³

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii, a slow-growing mycobacterium closely related to M. marinum, has been isolated only in wild fish in the United States and in Japanese fish farms to date. Here, we report cases of mortality in three farmed fish species (Dicentrarchus labrax, Sparus aurata, and Sciaenops ocellatus) caused by M. pseudoshottsii in Italy. Samples underwent necropsy, histology, and culture with pathogen identification based on PCR and sequencing of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB). Multifocal to coalescing granulomatous and necrotizing inflammation with acid-fast bacilli were observed in the parenchymatous organs, from which M. pseudoshottsii was isolated and identified. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of gene sequencing and allowed subdivision of the isolates into three distinct groups. M. pseudoshottsii poses a potential threat for Mediterranean aquaculture. Its origin in the area under study needs to be clarified, as well as the threat to the farmed fish species.

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“…These results confirmed our initial hypothesis for this most common etiological agent of fish mycobacteriosis in marine fish. Infection with M. marinum have been reported in European sea bass [ 33 ] and in other farmed species such as gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) [ 34 ], mullets ( Liza ramada ) [ 35 ], and meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ) [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm

et al. 2021

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Fish mycobacteriosis is a widespread global problem caused by species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Mycobacterium marinum is one of the species most often involved in disease episodes of aquarium and farmed fish. Since there is currently no available effective therapy or vaccine, a prompt search for routes of entry is key to limiting the damage induced by the disease. Here we report a case of mycobacteriosis follow up in a European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) farm located in Northern Italy, in which environmental samples and newly added fish batches were analyzed. Samples from fish present on the farm, sediment, and periphyton all resulted positive for M. marinum, whereas the new fish batches and the water samples resulted negative. The environmental resistance of NTM (alcohol-acid resistance, biofilm formation) and the lack of prophylactic and therapeutic strategies make these diseases difficult to manage. Prompt identification of biotic and abiotic reservoirs, combined with good zootechnical hygiene practices, are the most effective measures to control fish mycobacteriosis in intensive farms.

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Cutaneous appearance of mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium marinum, affecting gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Vibrio Species and Mycobacterium Species in Wild and Cultured Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Vibrio Species and Mycobacterium Species in Wild and Cultured Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Mycobacterium pseudoshottsii in Mediterranean Fish Farms: New Trouble for European Aquaculture?

Investigation of Potential Reservoirs of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria in a European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Farm

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