Cutaneous autoimmune diseases during COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract

Cutaneous autoimmune diseases during COVID-19 pandemic Editor The pandemic of infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing the atypical pneumonia coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-2019) has become a global health emergency. In parallel with the spread of the infection, there is new information on cutaneous involvement reminiscent to autoimmune diseases and concerns about the risk of disease 15 Pityriasis rosea Mild 14

Autoimmune complications of COVID‐19

“…For instance, according to previous reports on autoimmune manifestations and autoimmune‐related markers in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients, a growing body of research has been devoted to the exploration of the association between COVID‐19 infection and autoimmune conditions. Acute hemolytic anemia, macrophage activating syndrome, Kawasaki‐like disease, Guillain‐Barre syndrome (GBS), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune skin manifestations, and detection of autoantibodies are some of the pieces of evidence pointing to the potential interconnection between autoimmunity and COVID‐19 7–11 …”

“…Acute hemolytic anemia, macrophage activating syndrome, Kawasaki-like disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune skin manifestations, and detection of autoantibodies are some of the pieces of evidence pointing to the potential interconnection between autoimmunity and COVID-19. [7][8][9][10][11] As COVID-19 could be considered as a predisposing factor for auto-reactivity and is involved in mechanisms contribute to the initiation of autoimmunity, investigating the mutual association of autoimmunity and COVID-19 is of interest. Meanwhile, outcomes of explorations about the molecular mechanisms and related pathways involved in the association of autoimmunity and COVID-19 might be beneficial for accelerating the process of designing the treatment strategy, if translated to clinical utilization.…”

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) method in acute COVID-19 infection; future roadmap for laboratory diagnosis

“…The SARS-CoV-2-associated disease, has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has reached over 200 million cases worldwide ( Zhou et al, 2020b ; Gorbalenya et al, 2020 ; “WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard”, 2021 ). In this devastating disease, immunological manifestations such as Kawasaki-like syndrome, Guillain Barre syndrome and immune thrombocytopenic purpura are observed in addition to the inflammatory response associated with sepsis, coagulopathy, multi organ failure and cytokine storm syndrome ( Ehrenfeld et al, 2020 ; Günther et al, 2020 ; Vojdani and Kharrazian, 2020 ; Salle, 2021 ). Viral pathogens are known to be one of the most common exogenous factors that can trigger autoimmunity.…”

Type I Interferon Signature in Chilblain-Like Lesions Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Various skin manifestations have been observed, ranging from urticarial exanthema to Kawasaki syndrome. Concomitantly to the pandemic, several reports have described an increased incidence of ulcerative chilblain-like lesions that predominantly occur on the hands and feet [ 2 ]. The latter usually manifest several weeks after viral exposure and have been designated as “COVID toes” [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”