Cutaneous Elasticity and Hyperelasticity

ELLIS, FRANCIS E.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1956.01550070024005

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The frequency of joint hypermobility in the first 5 years of life is consistently reported as very high (Ellis and Bundick, 1956;Wynne-Davies, 1971;Walker, 19751, followed by a significant decline with the advance of age (Ellis and Bundick, 1956;Schweitzer, 1970;Beighton et al, 1973;Allander et al, 1974). In the present study, age is confirmed as having a significant effect on the frequency of generalized joint hypermobility: The younger the children, the higher the frequency of joint hypermobility.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Generalized joint hypermobility and black admixture in school children of Bahia, Brazil

Santos

Azevêdo

1981

American J Phys Anthropol

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Joint hypermobility was investigated in a sample of 3,000 school children, ages 6--7 years, in Bahia, Brazil. A sampling method was designed to assure an equal number of 50 children in the smallest size classes, when age, race, and sex were held constant. Race was classified in five subgroups to assess the proportion of black admixture. The overall frequency of generalized joint hypermobility was 2.3%. The darker the children the lower the frequency of affected children. However, this racial effect was also associated with age: The highest frequency of generalized joint hypermobility was among the youngest and less black mixed children, whereas among the oldest and darker children there was no case of joint hypermobility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Generalized joint hypermobility and black admixture in school children of Bahia, Brazil

Santos

Azevêdo

1981

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…The nonlinear pattern of variation in joint mobility for different age groups is similar to that of age-related changes in locomotor behavior [Rawlins, undated] and osteological studies of both epiphyseal fusion [Cheverud, 19811 and development of degenerative joint diseases [DeRousseau et al, 1981;DeRousseau, 1982;Kessler et al, 19861 in rhesus monkeys on Cay0 Santiago. The same nonlinear pattern of age-related changes in joint mobility is also seen in man [Allander et al, 1974;Wynne-Davies, 1971;Silverman et al, 1975;Ellis & Bundick, 1956;Beighton et al, 19731. In summary, this study of 661 members of the free-ranging rhesus macaque colony on Cay0 Santiago can serve as a reference standard to evaluate the effects of confinement on the musculoskeletal system of Macaca mulattu. CONCLUSIONS 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Free‐ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): II. Passive joint mobility

Turnquist

Kessler

1989

American J Primatol

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Recent studies on the effects of caging on joint mobility and the correlations between joint mobility and use of the extremities have pointed out the need for baseline values that are readily available in the literature. This report provides normative data on the passive mobility of the major joints of free‐ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The sample in this cross‐sectional study is large (661 animals including 315 males, 346 females), and it spans the entire age spectrum (24 hours to 25 years) of the population. Included are data on motion in the sagittal plane at six joints: shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle. Results indicated that passive joint mobility changes in a nonlinear fashion throughout the life cycle. The apparent rapid decline in mobility from birth through puberty parallels rapid changes in body size and proportions in young animals. Joint mobility is relatively stable in prime‐age adults, whereas it is generally more restricted in older monkeys. Both genders follow a similar pattern, but timing differs somewhat. Although the primary purpose of this paper is to present numerical data on the Cayo Santiago population, the results are compared with previous, more limited studies of both captive and free‐ranging rhesus macaques.

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“…In a review of 15 case series describing the histopathologic features of LE and DM in over 500 patients published between 1931 and 2010, none state whether eosinophils are usually present or absent 14–28 . Rarely, however, in published discussions of the differential diagnosis of LE or DM, eosinophils are noted as being present in other disorders such as erythema multiforme (EM) 14,24 or ‘solar dermatitis', 29 implying that eosinophils are not typically present in LE or DM. In 1931, Goeckerman and Montgomery summarized their findings in 44 patients with discoid or acute cutaneous LE and mentioned that eosinophils are ‘occasionally considerable’ in LE, ‘probably due to secondary infection or subacute exacerbation’ 28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the ‘no eosinophils' rule: are eosinophils truly absent in pityriasis lichenoides, connective tissue disease, and graft‐vs.‐host disease?

et al. 2012

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Eosinophils are often present in the inflammatory infiltrate of an interface dermatitis, but the diagnostic specificity of eosinophils in interface dermatitis has not been formally evaluated. We retrospectively identified 97 examples of interface dermatitis with clinically confirmed diagnoses, including lupus erythematosus (LE), lichen planus, pityriasis lichenoides (PL), graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD), dermatomyositis (DM) and drug reaction. Diagnoses were clinically confirmed by at least two dermatologists. Slides were reviewed in a blinded fashion by at least two dermatopathologists. The average eosinophil count per 10 ×200 (×20 objective) fields was lowest for PL (0.2), DM (0.3), GVHD (0.4), and LE (0.5) [defined as Group 1] and was higher for lichen planus, drug reactions, erythema multiforme (major and minor) and viral exanthems [defined as Group 2]. Distinction between Group 1 and Group 2 was maximized using an eosinophil count cutoff of 1.1. In conclusion, eosinophils are usually rare to absent in PL, DM, most forms of LE and GVHD. While final interpretation requires a composite assessment of all features, our results suggest that the presence of even a single eosinophil within nine or ten ×20 fields argues against a diagnosis of PL, DM or LE. Sharon VR, Konia TH, Barr KL, Fung MA. Assessment of the ‘no eosinophils' rule: are eosinophils truly absent in pityriasis lichenoides, connective tissue disease, and graft‐vs.‐host disease?

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Cutaneous Elasticity and Hyperelasticity

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Generalized joint hypermobility and black admixture in school children of Bahia, Brazil

Generalized joint hypermobility and black admixture in school children of Bahia, Brazil

Free‐ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): II. Passive joint mobility

Assessment of the ‘no eosinophils' rule: are eosinophils truly absent in pityriasis lichenoides, connective tissue disease, and graft‐vs.‐host disease?

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