Cutaneous exposure to hypoxia does not affect skin perfusion in humans

Siebenmann, Christoph; Keramidas, Michail E.; Rundqvist, Helene; Mijwel, Sara; Cowburn, Andrew S.; Johnson, Randall S.; Eiken, Ola

doi:10.1111/apha.12825

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recently, a small study in nine males showed hypoxia increasing epidermal hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) followed by nitrous oxide-mediated vasodilatation in skin. However, cutaneous hypoxia alone does not affect microcirculation (Siebenmann et al, 2017 ). Another small study in 11 subjects observed an increase in forearm skin blood flow after systemic hypoxia, without impact of local regulatory factors (Paparde et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Microvascular Blood Flow and Reactivity in Hypoxia

Treml

Kleinsasser

Stadlbauer³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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As is known, hypoxia leads to an increase in microcirculatory blood flow of the skin in healthy volunteers. In this pilot study, we investigated microcirculatory blood flow and reactive hyperemia of the skin in healthy subjects in normobaric hypoxia. Furthermore, we examined differences in microcirculation between hypoxic subjects with and without short-term acclimatization, whether or not skin microvasculature can acclimatize. Fourty-six healthy persons were randomly allocated to either short-term acclimatization using intermittent hypoxia for 1 h over 7 days at an FiO2 0.126 (treatment, n = 23) or sham short-term acclimatization for 1 h over 7 days at an FiO2 0.209 (control, n = 23). Measurements were taken in normoxia and at 360 and 720 min during hypoxia (FiO2 0.126). Microcirculatory cutaneous blood flow was assessed with a laser Doppler flowmeter on the forearm. Reactive hyperemia was induced by an ischemic stimulus. Measurements included furthermore hemodynamics, blood gas analyses and blood lactate. Microcirculatory blood flow increased progressively during hypoxia (12.3 ± 7.1–19.0 ± 8.1 perfusion units; p = 0.0002) in all subjects. The magnitude of the reactive hyperemia was diminished during hypoxia (58.2 ± 14.5–40.3 ± 27.4 perfusion units; p = 0.0003). Short-term acclimatization had no effect on microcirculatory blood flow. When testing for a hyperemic response of the skin's microcirculation we found a diminished signal in hypoxia, indicative for a compromised auto-regulative circulatory capacity. Furthermore, hypoxic short-term acclimatization did not affect cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow. Seemingly, circulation of the skin was unable to acclimatize using a week-long short-term acclimatization protocol. A potential limitation of our study may be the 7 days between acclimatization and the experimental test run. However, there is evidence that the hypoxic ventilatory response, an indicator of acclimatization, is increased for 1 week after short-term acclimatization. Then again, 1 week is what one needs to get from home to a location at significant altitude.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Microvascular Blood Flow and Reactivity in Hypoxia

Treml

Kleinsasser

Stadlbauer³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…However, Siebenmann et al reported that cutaneous exposure to hypoxia has no effect on skin perfusion in humans (Siebenmann et al, 2017). A meta-analysis shows that athletes present enhanced microvascular function compared with untrained but otherwise healthy subjects (Montero et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the issue of how a hypoxic stimulus influences microcirculation and microcirculatory blood flow is still debating and under investigation (Simmons et al, 2007;Siebenmann et al, 2017;Treml et al, 2018). Paparde et al found that acute systemic hypoxia causes sympathetic stimulation to the heart, which results in an increased heart rate and enlarged cardiac output, and that may lead to increment in forearm skin blood flow increment during acute systemic hypoxia (Paparde et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Eight Weeks Altitude Training on the Aerobic Capacity and Microcirculation Function in Trained Rowers

Meng

Gao

et al. 2021

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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Background: The mechanism of aerobic improvement after altitude training (AT) has not been resolved yet. Few studies have looked at microcirculation changes after AT in athletes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three male rowers were recruited and divided into either the AT (n = 18, altitude 2,280 m) or the sea level training (ST group, n = 15, altitude 50 m) for 8 weeks training. Microcirculation function was monitored using a laser Doppler flowmeter. VO 2peak and ergometer 5 km time trial (Er5k) were conducted. Results: Within the AT group there was an 8.8% increment in VO 2peak from pre-to post-training (4,708.9 -455.2 vs. 5,123.3 -391.2 ml/min, p < 0.01), whereas in ST group there was a 3.1% increase of VO 2peak from pre-to posttraining (4,975.4 -501.1 vs. 5,128.0 -499.3 m/min, p = 0.125). Er5k performance in AT group was significantly improved (1,040.3 -26.3 vs. 1,033.2 -27.5 seconds, p = 0.038), whereas in ST group Er5k performance was not improved (1,059.6 -30.9 vs. 1,060.4 -33.2 seconds, p = 0.819). Postocclusive reactive hyperemia reserve and heat reserve in the forearm of AT subjects increased significantly after 8 weeks. Meanwhile, the AT group's resting blood flow and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) of the thigh were higher after AT. For the ST group, resting blood flow and CVC in the thigh decreased significantly at third week post-training. There was a low correlation between the change of VO 2peak and blood flow of the thigh (r = 0.45, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Trained rowers benefit more from 8 weeks of AT than from 8 weeks ST in terms of aerobic capacity. We have found that 8 weeks of AT increases thigh blood flow and improves endothelial function.

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“…Intermittent hypoxia training had greater positive effect on hemodynamics, microvascular endothelial function, and work capacity of untrained healthy men (Shatilo et al 2008). However, the issue of how a hypoxia stimulus influences the microcirculation and microcirculatory blood flow is still debating and under investigated (Rowell et al 1982, Simmons et al 2007, Siebenmann et al 2017, Treml et al 2018. Paparde et al (2015) found that acute systemic hypoxia causes sympathetic stimulation to heart which results in increased heart rate and larger cardiac output, and which could be the reason of forearm skin blood flow increase in acute systemic hypoxia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Weeks of Hypoxia Training Improves Cutaneous Microcirculation in Trained Rowers

Meng

Gao

et al. 2019

Physiol Res

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Hypoxia training can improve endurance performance. However, the specific benefits mechanism of hypoxia training is controversial, and there are just a few studies on the peripheral adaptation to hypoxia training. The main objective of this study was to observe the effects of hypoxia training on cutaneous blood flow (CBF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Twenty rowers were divided into two groups for four weeks of training, either hypoxia training (Living High, Exercise High and Training Low, HHL) or normoxia training (NOM). We tested cutaneous microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmeter and blood serum parameters by ELISA. HHL group improved the VO2peak and power at blood lactic acid of 4 mmol/l (P4) significantly. The CBF and the concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) in the forearm of individuals in the HHL group increased significantly at the first week. The HIF level of the individuals in the HHL group increased at the fourth week. The NO of HHL group increased significantly at the fourth week. In collusion, four weeks of HHL training resulted in increased forearm cutaneous blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen pressure. HHL increases rowers’ NO and VEGF, which may be the mechanism of increased blood flow. The increased of CBF seems to be related with improving performance.

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Cutaneous exposure to hypoxia does not affect skin perfusion in humans

Abstract: Reductions in skin-surface PO do not affect skin perfusion in humans. The unchanged epidermal HIF-1α expression suggests that epidermal O homoeostasis was not disturbed by Hypoxia /Anoxia , potentially due to compensatory increases in arterial O extraction.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Cutaneous Microvascular Blood Flow and Reactivity in Hypoxia

Cutaneous Microvascular Blood Flow and Reactivity in Hypoxia

Effects of Eight Weeks Altitude Training on the Aerobic Capacity and Microcirculation Function in Trained Rowers

Four Weeks of Hypoxia Training Improves Cutaneous Microcirculation in Trained Rowers

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