Cutaneous features of Zika virus infection: a clinicopathological overview

Paniz‐Mondolfi, Alberto; Blohm, Gabriela M.; Hernández‐Pérez, María; Larrazabal, A.; Moya, Daniela; Márquez, M. Carmen; Talamo, A.; Carrillo, Alejandra; Arocha, Julia Rothe de; Lednicky, John A.; Morris, J. Glenn

doi:10.1111/ced.13793

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…First’s reports evaluating cell permissiveness demonstrated that ZIKV replicates at placental trophoblasts, endothelial cells, human skin fibroblast and neonatal keratinocytes (21, 35, 36). ZIKV also replicates and induce morphological alterations in human skin explants (35), that are consistent with skin lesions presented in many ZIKV-infected patients (37). After mosquito inoculation, skin cells (keratinocytes and dendritic cells) are the first target of ZIKV, followed by hematological dissemination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Zika virus replicates in skeletal muscle contributing to peripheral viral amplification prior to reach neural tissue

Gavino-Leopoldino

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are still a worldwide concern due to the severity of neurological outcomes. ZIKV neurotropism is well characterized, but peripheral tissue could be sites of viral amplification, contributing to endothelial-barrier crossing and access to peripheral nerves. During acute and late phases of infection, ZIKV can be detected in several body fluids, eyes, testis and vagina. However, the importance of initial replication sites for the establishment of infection and viral spread remain unknown. Here we demonstrated that ZIKV replicates primarily in human muscle precursor cells, resulting in cell death and inhibition of myogenesis. ZIKV also replicates in fetal muscle after maternal transmission and in infected neonate mice, inducing lesions and inflammation. Muscle was an important site of viral amplification, sustaining higher peripheral viral loads than liver and spleen. In addition, ZIKV showed rapid and sustained replication kinetics in muscle even before replication in the neural tissues, persisting until 16 days post infection. Our results highlight the importance of muscle in ZIKV pathogenesis as a peripheral site of viral amplification which may contribute to ZIKV reaching neural structures.Author SummaryZika Virus (ZIKV) neurotropism and its deleterious effects on central nervous system have been well characterized. But, investigations of the initial replication sites for the establishment of infection and viral spread to neural tissues remain under explored. Here we demonstrated that ZIKV replicates primarily in human skeletal muscle precursor cells, resulting in cell death and disrupted myogenesis. ZIKV also replicates in muscle of fetus and neonate mice inducing muscle damage and inflammation. Muscle replication occurs before amplification in peripheral nerves and brain, contributing to the increase of peripheral ZIKV load and dissemination. In addition, ZIKV RNA still been detected in skeletal muscle at late stages of infection. Overall, our findings showed that skeletal muscle is involved in ZIKV pathogenesis, contributing to a broader understanding of ZIKV infection. Thus, opens new aspects in the investigation of the long-term consequence of early infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Zika virus replicates in skeletal muscle contributing to peripheral viral amplification prior to reach neural tissue

Gavino-Leopoldino

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Skin lesions ranging from morbilliform and exanthem like eruptions to erythroderma to confluent macular eruptions simulating chikungunya (Fig. 1f) have been reported 58 . Psoriasis is reported to be triggered after an acute Zika virus infection 59 …”

Section: Zika Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mucosal lesions include conjunctivitis characterised by non‐purulent conjunctival hyperaemia. Oral mucosa may show aphthous and ulcerative lesions, while hyperaemia and petechial lesions over the hard palate have been described 58 …”

Section: Zika Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous manifestations of viral outbreaks

Bothra

Maheswari

Singh³

et al. 2020

Aust J Dermatology

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As the world tries to grapple with the COVID‐19 pandemic, dermatologists are left in a lurch as there is a lacuna in dermatologic literature as well as training regarding the cutaneous manifestations of varied viral agents capable of causing epidemics/pandemics or the potential to be bio‐weaponised. Such outbreaks have the potential to become a pandemic given this age of globalisation. The quote by George Santayana stands true ‘Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it’. Thus, this article lends a perspective to the recent viral outbreaks and is aimed at summarising these agents and their clinical features to serve as a quick reference for dermatologists.

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“…This is in contrast to the rash in dengue and Chikungunya, which usually appears after 4 days of clinical symptoms. [58] Other uncommon cutaneous features are as follows: subcutaneous hematomas, ecchymosis, petechiae, aphthous ulcers, and other ulcerative oral mucosal lesions. [58]…”

Section: Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus: A global public health menace: A comprehensive update

Hasan¹,

Saeed²,

Panigrahi³

et al. 2019

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a RNA virus and belongs to genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae . The virus was first discovered from a febrile primate from the Zika forests of Uganda in 1947 and the first human case was documented in 1954. The nonspecific clinical manifestations of ZIKV pose diagnostic dilemmas and delays early and effective treatment. Dental professionals should have a thorough knowledge about the virus and should follow standard infection control measures as the virus has been demonstrated in various body secretions (including salivary secretions). The disease is managed by symptomatic and supportive care and no vaccine exist till date. Recent ZIKV outbreaks and increase association of microcephaly with congenital ZIKV and neurological complications (Guillain-Barré syndrome) has drawn global public health attention. The World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency of international concern in 2016. This review article provides a detailed overview on ZIKV; it is clinical and oral manifestations, diagnostic aids, differential diagnosis, preventive aspects, and management protocol.

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Cutaneous features of Zika virus infection: a clinicopathological overview

Cited by 23 publications

References 29 publications

Zika virus replicates in skeletal muscle contributing to peripheral viral amplification prior to reach neural tissue

Zika virus replicates in skeletal muscle contributing to peripheral viral amplification prior to reach neural tissue

Cutaneous manifestations of viral outbreaks

Zika virus: A global public health menace: A comprehensive update

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