Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non-Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing

Chanyachailert, Pattriya; Leeyaphan, Charussri; Bunyaratavej, Sumanas

doi:10.3390/jof9060669

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…They feed on keratin and cause various skin diseases, collectively known as dermatophytosis or tinea (Moskaluk and VandeWoude 2022 ; Weitzman and Summerbell 1995 ). It can cause symptoms such as rashes, scaling, itching, inflammation, and hair or nail loss and can be transmitted from person to person, from animal to person, or from soil to person, depending on the type of dermatophyte involved (Chanyachailert et al 2023 ). They can also cause severe infections in patients with solid organ transplants or congenital immune disorders (Monod and Lanternier 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula

Naik,

Sasikumar,

et al. 2024

AMB Expr

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Evidence of fungal coexistence in humans points towards fungal adaptation to the host environment, like the skin. The human commensal Malassezia has evolved, especially residing in sebum-rich areas of the mammalian body where it can get the necessary nutrition for its survival. This fungus is primarily responsible for skin diseases like Pityriasis versicolor (PV), characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented skin discoloration and erythematous macules. In this manuscript, we report a 19-year-old healthy female who presented with a one-year history of reddish, hypopigmented, asymptomatic lesions over the chest and a raised erythematous lesion over the face. Upon clinical observation, the patient displayed multiple erythematous macules and erythematous papules over the bilateral malar area of the face, along with multiple hypopigmented scaly macules present on the chest and back. Based on the above clinical findings, a diagnosis of PV and Acne vulgaris (AV) was made. Interestingly, the patient was immunocompetent and didn’t have any comorbidities. Upon isolation of skin scrapings and post-culturing, we found the existence of three fungal genera in the same region of the patient’s body. We further went on to confirm the identity of the particular species and found it to represent Malassezia, Rhodotorula, and Candida. We report how Malassezia, the predominant microbial resident skin fungus, coexists with other fungal members of the skin mycobiome. This study on an applied aspect of microbiology also shows how important it is to identify the fungal organism associated with skin infections so that appropriate therapeutics can be advised to avoid cases of relapse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula

Naik,

Sasikumar,

et al. 2024

AMB Expr

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“…Tinea pedis manifesting symptoms include itching, scaling, and burning skin, often leading to cracking and blistering. Tinea pedis thrive in moist environments, particularly in pools and public showers [ 2 , 3 ]. Prevention measures include maintaining dry and clean feet, consistently wearing sandals, and avoiding enclosed shoes and socks [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Public Awareness and Practices Regarding Tinea Pedis Among the Saudi Arabian Population

AlKaabi,

Alhammadi,

AL-Jallal

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Tinea pedis, commonly known as athlete's foot, is a fungal infection affecting the skin of the feet, primarily between the toes. Despite being a common condition, there may be gaps in knowledge and practices regarding its transmission, risk factors, and treatment options among the general population. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The study involved 2371 adult population in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was distributed online through social media means. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27 (Released 2020; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results: A significant portion (66.1%) of respondents reported not examining their feet regularly. The majority (80.7%) of the respondents reported regular use of nail scissors as the common practice. The results further revealed that the majority of respondents (71.7%) were not aware of tinea pedis. Similarly, a large proportion (77.3%) of respondents were unaware of the risk factors associated with tinea pedis. However, among those aware, the most recognized risk factor was diabetes mellitus (82.3%), followed by peripheral arterial disease (37.1%), and immunocompromised conditions like HIV (31.3%). There was a significant association (p = 0.001) between regular foot examination practices and awareness of tinea pedis. Conclusion: In conclusion, there is low awareness regarding tinea pedis among the Saudi Arabian population. Only a small proportion demonstrated good knowledge of the condition and its symptoms. However, there is a relatively higher awareness of specific risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease. Hence, it is imperative to enhance education and awareness campaigns to address the gaps in understanding tinea pedis, its associated risk factors, and symptoms, particularly among individuals engaged in physical activities and those who regularly wear sports shoes.

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“…Dermatophytosis is a common contagious mycotic infection associated with a mold group of fungi known as dermatophytes and cause cutaneous infection (Chanyachailert et al 2023). Dermatophytes are unique group of fungi and possess alike antigenicity, infectivity and usually prefer a hot and humid environment for their growth; therefore, dermatophytosis commonly occur in tropical regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some dermatophytes are adapted to humans (anthropophilic), whereas few are adapted to animals (zoophilic). The zoophilic and geophilic are capable to transmit to the humans and are of zoonotic importance (Jartarkar et al 2020;Chanyachailert et al 2023). Dermatophytes usually remain in stratum corneum of the skin, thereby can be self-limiting disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dermatophytosis in One-Health Perspective

2023

IJAB

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Dermatophytosis is associated with a unique group of fungi commonly known as dermatophytes and usually infect keratinous tissue, stratum corneum of the skin, invade the hair, nails of the host, feathers, horns and hooves. It is a contagious cutaneous infection usually prefer a hot and humid environment for their growth and infectivity, therefore, commonly occur in tropical regions worldwide. Phylogenetically, dermatophytes are closely related to monophylectic keratinophilic filamentous fungi. These are categorized into three genera i.e., Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. Dermatophytosis is commonly named after the body part get infected with the dermatophytes i.e., T. capitis if scalp and hair are involved, T. unguium if nails are affected, T. corporis if non-hairy skin become affected etc. Most of the dermatophytes resides in soil for years hence named geophilic. The dermatophytes adapted to humans are called anthropophilic, whereas some dermatophytes are adapted to animals known as zoophilic. Both geophilic and zoophilic are capable to transmit to the humans directly through arthroconidia shed by infected skin and/or hair of the infected host and deposited on fomites such as brushes and clippers. Dermatophytosis (tinea capitis) is more common in children (up to 60%), while tinea pedis is prevalent more than 50% in adults. Tinea cruris is more common in population lives in hot climates. Mostly, dermatophytosis can be serious in immunosuppressed individuals. The infection usually resolves within 2-4 weeks with topical application of the drugs like eficonazole and tavaborole and/or oral administration of the drugs i.e., itraconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin, terbinafine etc. In order to control dermatophytosis effectively, One-Health approach highlights the significance of cooperation between medical professionals, veterinarians, environmental scientists, and public health specialists.

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Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non-Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing

Cited by 26 publications

References 119 publications

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula

Fungal coexistence in the skin mycobiome: a study involving Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula

Assessment of Public Awareness and Practices Regarding Tinea Pedis Among the Saudi Arabian Population

Dermatophytosis in One-Health Perspective

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