Cutaneous hemangiomas, vascular stains, and associated syndromes

Propranolol, a very promising treatment for ulceration in infantile hemangiomas: A study of 20 cases with matched historical controls

“…The most common complication is ulceration, possibly affecting 5% to 13% of children with IH. 1,2 Ulceration is nearly always painful, and this leads to problems with eating and sleeping. There may also be bleeding and infection requiring treatment with oral antibiotics.…”

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

“…71,72 Today, MRI appears to be replacing CT as the preferred method of detecting and delineating intracranial abnormalities in patients with suspected Sturge-Weber syndrome. 27,75,76 Neuropathologic manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome include leptomeningeal angiomatosis, herniatrophy, cortical calcification, venous engorgement, choroid plexus angiomatosis, and patchy parenchymal gliosis and demyelination.14,27 The leptomeningeal angioma is the primary lesion responsible for neurologic symp¬ toms.76 This venous malformation consists of thin-walled vessels that lie in the pia of the posterior parietal, tem¬ poral, and anterior occipital lobes.77 Atrophy and calci¬ fication occur in the underlying cerebral cortex in a pericapillary distribution in about two thirds of cases.71 The "railroad track" calcification pattern follows the brain convolutions and tends to increase in density until the end ofthe second decade.72 The calcification is thought to be due to anoxic injury caused by stasis of blood in the angiomatous leptomeningeal vessels or by some abnor¬ mality of the permeability of these vessels.14 Bihemispheric involvement, estimated to occur in 15% of cases,78 is a poor prognostic sign.79…”

Nevus simplex: A reconsideration of nomenclature, sites of involvement, and disease associations

“…They typically have a somewhat indistinct border, are partially or completely blanchable, and become more prominent with crying, vigorous activity, and changes in ambient temperature. 11 Most fade spontaneously, often disappearing completely within the first or second year of life; many involving the nape persist indefinitely, and a minority of those involving the glabella can also persist into adulthood. 11,[12][13][14] A female predominance has been reported by some authors, 5,10,15 whereas others report no gender difference.…”

“…11 Most fade spontaneously, often disappearing completely within the first or second year of life; many involving the nape persist indefinitely, and a minority of those involving the glabella can also persist into adulthood. 11,[12][13][14] A female predominance has been reported by some authors, 5,10,15 whereas others report no gender difference. 4,12 Although the forehead, glabella, upper eyelids, and nape are the most common areas of involvement, other sites can be affected, leading to confusion with port-wine stain (nevus flammeus) and other vascular birthmarks.…”