Cutaneous Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Erysipeloid) Infection in an Immunocompromised Child

Abstract

Erysipeloid, a cutaneous infection with the gram-positive bacillus Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is typically an occupational dermatosis seen in persons working with livestock or involved in commercial fishing (fishmongers). Other more-generalized forms of infection with this organism also exist, including a septic form usually associated with endocarditis. Many infections may be self-limited. They have rarely been reported in children or in immunocompromised patients. This microbe is sensitive to many mainstream antibiotic agents.

First report of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae‐associated septicaemia and histologic changes in cultured Australian eels, Anguilla reinhardtii (Steindachner, 1867) and A. australis (Richardson, 1841)

“…). Human infection occurs mainly due to contact with animals, their products or wastes (Brooke & Riley ) and in immunocompromised young patients (Boyd, Ritchie & Fenton ). The slime of fish could be an important source of infection for man (Wang et al .…”

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: An Important Cause of Bacterial Disease in Farmed Pigs and an Occupational Pathogen of Humans

“…Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, formally known as Erysipelas insidiosa, is a Gram-positive bacillus that commonly invades and sometimes causes disease in animals, most often farmed pigs, turkeys and chickens, but also sheep, cattle, horses, rodents, wild birds, fish, shellfish and reptiles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Humans are infected via zoonotic transmission, which occurs most frequently in those with occupations that involve regular contact with colonised animals, such as farmers, butchers, fish handlers, abattoir workers and livestock veterinarians [1][2][3]5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. E. rhusiopathiae is able to infect a broad range of host species, which often act as healthy carriers.…”

“…infection from which the bacterium is passed to other animals in the local proximity [11,12]. For this reason management practices have been developed to minimise infection rates, including vaccination, keeping herds closed to prevent the introduction of any potentially infected animals, and the inclusion of antibiotics in commercial livestock feed [3,12].…”

Meningitis por erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

“…El género Erysipelothrix incluye 2 especies: E. rhusiopathiae la cual incluye los serotipos 1ª, 1b, 2,4,5,6,8,9,11,12,15,16,17,19,21 y N, E. tonsillarum 2,3 contiene los serotipos 3, 7, 10, 14, 20, 22 y 23 también se reconocen 2 grupos de Erysipelothrix no clasificados representando los serotipos 13 y 18 4 . E. rhusiopathiae (del griego erysipela: erisipela, thrix: cabello, rhusius: rojizo, y pathus: enfermedad) es un germen gram positivo fácilmente decolorado (por lo que se puede confundir con un gram negativo 5 ), no esporulado, aerobio y anaerobio facultativo, de colonias circulares y muy pequeñas, no fermenta la sacarosa a diferencia del E. tonsillarum, inicialmente relacionado con el género Listeria pero posteriormente clasificado en un género diferente 3 , de amplia distribución en la naturaleza y reconocido principalmente como un patógeno veterinario 2. La morfología de la colonia, la tinción de gram, el resultado catalasa negativo puede sugerir Lactobacilus, Actinomyces, Enterococcus o Streptococcus, los cuales con más comunes aislar en laboratorio y que no siempre son completamente identificados, por tanto se debe interpretar cuidadosamente en el laboratorio dada su baja incidencia y las dificultades para su identificación 2,3,6 .…”

“…Pueden presentarse manifestaciones clíni-íni-nicas de tres formas posterior a la infección: una forma cutánea localizada denominada erisip-ánea localizada denominada erisip-nea localizada denominada erisipeloide de Rosenbach -la más frecuente- 2,5,12 , una forma cutánea difusa, y otra forma más grave pero menos frecuente. La presentación sistémica representando menos del 1% de todos los casos 5 , las manifestaciones de la forma sistémica oscilan entre artritis séptica 13 , peritonitis, falla renal 2 , bacteriemia, meningitis asociada a endocarditis, o endocarditis crónica, poliartritis 7 , siendo la endocarditis la presentación más frecuente de la forma sistémica pudiendo esta variante coexistir con lesiones cutáneas, bacteriemia 10 y con manifestaciones neurológicas entre un 16 a 23% 8 .…”