Cutaneous immune responses in the common carp detected using transcript analysis

Alternative complement pathway of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Molecular characterization, mapping and expression analysis of factors Bf/C2 and Df

“…In trout, two Bf/C2-like isotypes have been illustrated are synthesized exclusively in the liver [10]. In gill, the high constitutive expression levels of channel catfish Df gene may be related to a fast activation of the AP in this organ [28]. Bf/C2A and Bf/C2B had lower expression levels in gill, but Bf/C2 gene expression was up-regulated and quickly reached a significant level at 24 h after infection (Fig.…”

“…This suggested that two complement pathways AP and CP were all involved in the immune response to E. ictaluri infection in blue catfish. Df mRNA in carp was constitutively detected, but its expression was not significantly changed by infection with the parasite I. multifiliis [28], suggested that the expression of Df is modulated by complex mechanisms in the host defense system. In rainbow trout, studies showed Df was not the limiting factor in fish, in contrast to the situation in humans; as little as 0.2 mg/ml of Df was capable of cleaving the same amount of Bf-2 as at physiologic concentration of Df (25e50 mg/ml) in trout serum [10].…”

“…In rainbow trout and large yellow croaker, it was reported that Bf/C2 gene was up-regulated in response to inactivated Vibrio anguillarum or live V. anguillarum strain [11,27]. In carp, transcriptional upregulation of Bf was observed in the skin following Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection [28]. In zebrafish, Bf and Bf/C2B was up-regulated in fins after infection by immersion with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), but Bf and Bf/C2B have the different expression patterns in various organs [29].…”

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

“…A total of 2578 sequences were obtained, and only 1200 clone sequences showed significant similarity to previously reported genes according to the BLASTX sequence alignment. The clones were grouped in seven different categories of the "Biological Process" domain of the Gene Ontology nomenclature [355]: antigen processing and presentation (including MHC I and MHC II, proteasome, several isoforms of beta 2-microglobulin), chemotaxis (several chemokines), complement system (factor P or properdin, a positive regulator of complement activation; factor D and complement factor 7, C7, an integral component of the lytic pathway of the complement), inflammatory response (prostaglandinD2 synthase; signal transduction (Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and annexin A2), innate immunity (ferritin, scavenge receptors, molecules from the C-type lectin superfamily, interferon (IFN) and two IFN-induced proteins, heat shock or stress proteins (HSPs) [356]. Using the skin libraries and other larger libraries from different tissues [357] a carp cDNA microarray has been designed and printed [356].…”

Transcriptomic Characterization of the Larval Stage in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) by 454 Pyrosequencing

“…Oncorhynchus mykiss (Govoroun et al 2006;Sánchez et al 2009), Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Hagen-Larsen et al 2005;Hayes et al 2007), common carp Cyprinus carpio (González et al 2007), catfish Ictalurus punctatus and I. furcatus Wang et al 2010), Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , cod Gadus morhua (Johansen et al 2011), European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Chini et al 2006;Louro et al 2010), Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Xia and Yue 2010), Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Douglas et al 2007), Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis (Cerdà et al 2008), turbot Psetta maxima (Pardo et al 2008), and half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevi . For the gilthead seabream, an initial EST project yielded approximately 1,400 sequences, 810 of which were derived from a mixed juvenile and yolk sac larvae cDNA library and the other 584 sequences were derived from an adult liver cDNA library (Sarropoulou et al 2005a).…”