Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

Henten, Saskia van; Adriaensen, Wim; Fikre, Helina; Akuffo, Hannah; Diro, Ermias; Hailu, Asrat; Auwera, Gert Van der; Griensven, Johan van

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.12.009

Cited by 72 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Our model predicts that suitable habitats for P. pedifer are situated in a 'belt' surrounding the slopes of the high mountain peaks, whereas it is more evenly distributed in lower mountainous areas. This is in contrast with previous studies which describe the distribution of CL in Ethiopia to occur in foci [53].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Another likely explanation could be that our model predictions are accurate and the considered patchy distribution is a result of underreporting of CL because of various reasons, like misdiagnosis, lack of diagnostics and understanding of the importance of reporting cases etc. [53,54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables Slope and Cliffs showed a low relative importance for the model. This was unexpected, as rock crevices in cliffs are the main breeding sites of P. pedifer and CL is positively correlated with proximity to caves and hyrax habitats [11,14,53,71]. This could potentially be a result of sampling that was mainly performed inside human dwellings instead of in outdoor sand y breeding sites to avoid decreased trapping e ciency due to excessive rainfall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Resolution Habitat Suitability Model for Phlebotomus Pedifer, the Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwestern Ethiopia

Pareyn

Rutten

Merdekios

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Phlebotomus pedifer is the vector for Leishmania aethiopica causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southwestern Ethiopia. Previous research on the transmission dynamics of CL resulted in recommendations for vector control. In order to target these interventions towards affected areas, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution of P. pedifer at high spatial resolution is required. Therefore, this study determined the environmental predictors that facilitate the distribution of P. pedifer and created a map indicating the areas where conditions are suitable for survival of the vector in southwestern Ethiopia with high spatial resolution.Methods: Phlebotomus pedifer presence points were collected during two entomological surveys. Climate, vegetation and topographic variables were assembled. Climate variables were interpolated with variables derived from high-resolution digital elevation models to generate topoclimatic layers representing the climate conditions in the highlands. A Maximum Entropy model was run with the presence points, predicting variables and background points, which were selected based on a bias file. Results: Phlebotomus pedifer was the only captured Phlebotomus species in the study area and was collected at altitudes ranging between 1,685 and 2,892 m. Model projections indicated areas with suitable conditions in a ‘belt’ surrounding the high mountain peaks. Model performance was high, with test and train AUC values being 0.93 and 0.90 respectively. A multivariate environmental similarity surface (MESS) analysis showed that the model projection was only slightly extrapolated for some of the variables. The mean annual temperature was the environmental variable, which contributed most to the model predictions (60.0%) followed by the seasonality in rainfall (13.2%). Variables representing steep slopes showed very low importance to model predictions. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the suitable habitats for P. pedifer correspond well with the altitudes at which CL was reported previously but the predictions are more widely distributed, in contrast with the description of CL to occur in particular foci. Moreover, we confirm that vector distribution is driven by climate factors, suggesting inclusion of topoclimate in sand fly distribution models. Overall, our model provides a map with a high spatial resolution that can be used to target sand fly control measures in southwestern Ethiopia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-Resolution Habitat Suitability Model for Phlebotomus Pedifer, the Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwestern Ethiopia

Pareyn

Rutten

Merdekios

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variables Slope and Cliffs showed a low relative importance for the model. This was unexpected, as rock crevices in cliffs are the main breeding sites of P. pedifer and CL is positively correlated with proximity to caves and hyrax habitats [7,13,16,75]. This could potentially be a result of sampling that was mainly performed inside human dwellings instead of in outdoor sand y breeding sites to avoid decreased trapping e ciency due to excessive rainfall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution habitat suitability model for Phlebotomus pedifer, the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwestern Ethiopia

Pareyn

Rutten

Merdekios

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Phlebotomus pedifer is the vector for Leishmania aethiopica causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southwestern Ethiopia. Previous research on the transmission dynamics of CL resulted in recommendations for vector control. In order to target these interventions towards affected areas, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial distribution of P. pedifer at high spatial resolution is required. Therefore, this study determined the environmental predictors that facilitate the distribution of P. pedifer and created a map indicating the areas where conditions are suitable for survival of the vector in southwestern Ethiopia with high spatial resolution.Methods: Phlebotomus pedifer presence points were collected during two entomological surveys. Climate, vegetation and topographic variables were assembled. Climate variables were interpolated with variables derived from high-resolution digital elevation models to generate topoclimatic layers representing the climate conditions in the highlands. A Maximum Entropy model was run with the presence points, predicting variables and background points, which were selected based on a bias file.Results: Phlebotomus pedifer was the only captured Phlebotomus species in the study area and was collected at altitudes ranging between 1685 and 2892 m. Model projections indicated areas with suitable conditions in a ‘belt’ surrounding the high mountain peaks. Model performance was high, with test and train AUC values being 0.93 and 0.90, respectively. A multivariate environmental similarity surface (MESS) analysis showed that the model projection was only slightly extrapolated for some of the variables. The mean annual temperature was the environmental variable, which contributed most to the model predictions (60.0%) followed by the seasonality in rainfall (13.2%). Variables representing steep slopes showed very low importance to model predictions.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the suitable habitats for P. pedifer correspond well with the altitudes at which CL was reported previously, but the predictions are more widely distributed, in contrast with the description of CL to occur in particular foci. Moreover, we confirm that vector distribution is driven by climate factors, suggesting inclusion of topoclimate in sand fly distribution models. Overall, our model provides a map with a high spatial resolution that can be used to target sand fly control measures in southwestern Ethiopia.

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a newly established treatment centre in the Lay Gayint district, Northwest Ethiopia

Yizengaw

Nibret

Yismaw

et al. 2023

Skin Health and Disease

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Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that primarily affects the most vulnerable populations. In Ethiopia, where this study took place, CL is an important health problem, however, the incidence of CL is poorly monitored. Objectives: This study took place in a recently established CL treatment centre, at Nefas Mewcha Hospital, Lay Gayint. This area was considered to be endemic for CL, however, no cases of CL from Lay Gayint had previously been officially reported to the Amhara Regional Health Bureau. Methods: Following a CL awareness campaign, a retrospective data review was performed of patients presenting to this centre between July 2019 and March 2021. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected by a nurse and recorded in the logbook of the CL treatment centre. Results: Two hundred and one patients presented for diagnosis and treatment. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 75 years and 63.2% were males. Most patients were between 10-and 19-years-old. The majority (79.1%) of the patients presented with localised cutaneous leishmaniasis and 20.9% with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. 98% of the patients tested positive for Leishmania parasites by microscopy. Conclusions: This work underpinned how CL is a major public health problem in the Lay Gayint district. It also shows that raising awareness about CL in

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

Cited by 72 publications

References 96 publications

High-Resolution Habitat Suitability Model for Phlebotomus Pedifer, the Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwestern Ethiopia

High-Resolution Habitat Suitability Model for Phlebotomus Pedifer, the Vector of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Southwestern Ethiopia

High-resolution habitat suitability model for Phlebotomus pedifer, the vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwestern Ethiopia

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a newly established treatment centre in the Lay Gayint district, Northwest Ethiopia

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