Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in dogs: is high seroprevalence indicative of a reservoir role?

Calzada, José E.; Saldaña, Azäel; González, Kadir; Rigg, Chystrie; Pineda, Vanessa; Santamaría, Ana María; Rodríguez, Indra; Gottdenker, Nicole; Laurenti, Márcia Dalastra; Chaves, Luis Fernando

doi:10.1017/s0031182015000475

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…This possibility is re-enforced by the similar pattern observed for the prevalence of sand fly bite exposure, which indicates endemic transmission, showing higher prevalence in young children and low prevalence in old adults (Anderson and May, 1991;Calzada et al 2015), with a flat prevalence for age groups corresponding to the economically active population, which has a high proportion of migrants in our study area (Confalonieri et al 2014).…”

Section: Distribution Of Anti-lu Longipalpis Saliva Antibody Titressupporting

confidence: 74%

Reduced Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi parasitic loads in humans exposed to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites in the Amazon region of Brazil

et al. 2017

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S U M M A R YWe performed a cross-sectional survey in humans to evaluate Lutzomyia longipalpis, i.e. sand fly vector, bite exposure association with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Bujarú municipality, Northern Brazil, an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis. In recruited individuals, which were stratified by sex and age, we measured L. (L.) i. chagasi parasitic loads with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), exposure to sand fly bites with an anti-saliva immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and performed immunological diagnostic tests, in order to evaluate the association between exposure to sand fly bites, and infection. The prevalence increased from 11% when using immunological diagnostic tests to 28% when using qPCR, being around that value for all age classes, but children below 5 years (40%) and people over 60 years (15%). The association between PCR-based L. (L.) i. chagasi prevalence and saliva exposure was convex, reflecting the fact that at both high and low saliva exposure the PCR-based L. (L.) i. chagasi prevalence decreases. This scenario indicates that low sand fly exposure is likely associated with low parasite transmission, while high anti-saliva prevalence, i.e. a large sand fly bite exposure could be associated with anti-Leishmania protective immune mechanisms driven by vector saliva and/or increased parasite exposure.

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Section: Distribution Of Anti-lu Longipalpis Saliva Antibody Titressupporting

confidence: 74%

Reduced Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi parasitic loads in humans exposed to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites in the Amazon region of Brazil

et al. 2017

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“…8 To further contextualize our parasite infection and blood meal results, during the study period we found domestic dogs to be present in almost all houses and to have seroprevalence patterns indicative of endemic transmission 15 at TM. Nevertheless, we were unable to detect or isolate parasites from dogs, 15 which does not allow us to implicate this species as a Leishmania spp. reservoir in the studied area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…to humans in Panamá. This species is strongly associated with humans and domestic animals, for example, dogs, 15 infected by (or exposed to) ACL parasites, and its abundance was associated with transmission to humans at the household level. 25 Our results also highlight the importance of implementing active surveillance looking at both anthropophilic and zoophilic species, to better understand the eco-epidemiology of ACL parasite transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,14 The role of domestic animals in ACL transmission cycle remains unclear, however, canine infections are common in some Panamánian rural communities. 15 Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis is the species most commonly isolated from human ACL lesion samples in Panamá. 1,16 The recent implementation of molecular tools for epidemiological studies has allowed for better characterization of potential reservoirs and vectors involved in the transmission of parasites, including Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leishmania spp. Infection Rate and Feeding Patterns of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Community in Panamá

Rigg

Calzada

Saldaña

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a common and important vector-borne parasitic zoonosis in Panamá. Here, we study Leishmania spp. infection rates and blood-feeding patterns among common sand flies in Trinidad de Las Minas, a rural community with hyperendemic ACL transmission, and where a deltamethrin fogging trial was performed. Sand flies were collected from April 2010 to June 2011 with light traps installed inside and in the peridomicile of 24 houses. We restricted our analysis to the most abundant species at the study site: Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia panamensis, Lutzomyia triramula, and Lutzomyia dysponeta. We detected Leishmania spp. infection in sand flies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) in pooled females (1-10 females per pool). Host species of engorged sand flies were identified using a cytochrome b PCR. From 455 sand fly pools analyzed, 255 pools were positive for Leishmania spp., with an estimated infection rate (confidence interval) of 0.096 [0.080-0.115] before the deltamethrin fogging which slightly, but not significantly (P > 0.05), increased to 0.116 [0.098-0.136] after the deltamethrin fogging. Blood meal analysis suggested that pigs, goats, and birds were the most common sand fly blood sources, followed by humans and domestic dogs. DNA sequencing from a subsample of ITS-1 positive pools suggests that Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania naiffi, and other Leishmania spp. were the parasite species infecting the most common vectors at the study site. Our data confirm an association between sand fly species, humans, domestic dogs, and pigs and Leishmania spp. parasites in rural Panamá.

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“…A previous study detected IgG antibodies against L. panamensis by IFAT however all blood samples were PCR negative for Leishmania spp. DNA (Calzada et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in dogs from an endemic area in Pernambuco State, Brazil

Ramos

Tavares²,

Marques

et al. 2019

Med. Vet. (UFRPE)

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A survey was carried out to detect American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) among dogs in an area where a human outbreak had occurred in the state of Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. Domiciled dogs living in the district of Três Ladeiras, Igarassu were used in the present study. The following procedures were performed: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (n = 126); the Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) (n = 80); and a parasitological examination to detect amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. in skin lesions (n = 43). Associations between the infection in animals and the clinical and epidemiological factors were analyzed using Fisher's exact test or the Pearson's chi-squared test. In total, 46.8% (59/126) of the samples tested were PCRpositive. Although a higher frequency of positivity was detected among males (46.3 %) and animals aged between 3 and 4 years (50.0 %), no significant associations were recorded for these variables (p> 0.05). Similarly, the clinical signs and aspects related to the environment in which the animal lives did not differ significantly, but differences were recorded for the variable locality. In the IFAT, only 6.2% (5/80) of the dogs were positive and no amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were detected.

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Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in dogs: is high seroprevalence indicative of a reservoir role?

Cited by 26 publications

References 85 publications

Reduced Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi parasitic loads in humans exposed to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites in the Amazon region of Brazil

Reduced Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi parasitic loads in humans exposed to Lutzomyia longipalpis bites in the Amazon region of Brazil

Leishmania spp. Infection Rate and Feeding Patterns of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Community in Panamá

Molecular diagnosis of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in dogs from an endemic area in Pernambuco State, Brazil

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