Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan

Khan, Shiraz; Muneeb, Syed

doi:10.5070/d325b5x6b4

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The overall prevalence of leishmaniasis in the world is 12 million with an estimated 1.5 to 2 million new cases each year with 1-1.5 million for CL [1,[4][5][6]. More than 90% of the CL cases occur in Afghanistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Syria Arab Republic in the Old World and Brazil and Peru in the New World [3,[6][7][8]. According to 2007 WHO report, one person becomes infected by CL every 20 seconds in the world [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the Pattern of Lesions in Ochollo Primary School Students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia

Bugssa¹,

Hailu²,

Demtsu³

2014

SJCM

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Background: Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan leishmania.Objective:To assess the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis and pattern of lesions in Dega Ochollo primary school students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 523 school children aging between 6 to 25 years. The students were physically examined for the presence of scar and active lesions. Skin slit and blood were collected from students with suspected active lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Scraps were cultured in Nicolle-Novy-MacNeal(NNN) medium and serological tests were performed using direct agglutination test (DAT). Results: The overall prevalence of tegumentary leishmaniasis including both scar and active lesions among the 523 students which underwent physical examination was 65.8 %. Besides, the study revealed that 64.8% of the participants had current and/or past lesion of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The prevalence of Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and recidivan was 0.2% and 0.8%, respectively. Three hundred and thirteen (59.8%) students were with scar and 21(4.01%) were with active lesions whereas 8(1.5%) of the cases had both scar and active lesions. Majority (49.71%) of the participants belonging to the age group 11-15 years old were the most affected group (p-value<0.05). The average number of scars and lesions per patient was calculated to be 1.5 and 1.7, respectively. Majority (64.17%) of the cases had single scars while 22.74%, 7.48%, and 5.61% of them had double, triple, and four and above, respectively. The scars were more localized above the neck (82.16%) where the highest (54.56%) proportion of the scars was distributed on check. Of the 29 participants who had active lesions, 4(13.8%) of them were found to be culture positive and one patient was also positive for DAT out of these culture positive patients. One smear positive sample was also found among the samples which were positive for NNN medium. Conclusions: cutaneous leishmaniasis is prevalent in the area causing disfigurement and resulting social stigmatization. This calls for the implementation of prevention and control measures including treatment of infected individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the Pattern of Lesions in Ochollo Primary School Students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia

Bugssa¹,

Hailu²,

Demtsu³

2014

SJCM

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“…Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by the bite of a female sandfly and causes papules which may ulcerate [ 13 ]. In the province of Baluchistan, 4072 cases of leishmaniasis were suspected from August 2018 to December 2019[ 21 ].…”

Section: Current Situation Of Vbdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malaria is the second most prevalent disease in the country, holding 12.5% of the overall national disease burden [ 12 ]. Endemic to Baluchistan and Sindh, 21,000 to 45,000 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported annually [ 13 ], [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 followed by extreme flooding on vector borne diseases in Pakistan: A mini narrative review

Rahmat

Sadiq

Vohra

et al. 2023

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…According to the species of Leishmania parasite, there are three main forms: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) [2]. CL is the most common form of the disease and the skin is the most affected exposed part of the body characterized with symptoms such as skin sores or skin infection, which starting with small nodules that slowly enlarge, then ulcerate, and end within approximately 1 year with a characteristic permanent, depressed and disfiguring scar (Figure 1) [3].…”

Section: Introduction 11 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is attributed to environmental changes, irregular construction, human activities, accumulation of waste, and increase in the number of stray dogs in the cities. Conflict, internal displacement, poverty, and malnutrition play a role in the CL occurrence and outbreak [3].…”

Section: Introduction 11 Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geopolitical and Geospatial Conflicts Affecting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Iraqi Cases, 2014-2015

Zadawi¹

2022

Leishmaniasis - General Aspects of a Stigmatized Disease

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In Iraq, increment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was reported, a zoonotic type caused by Leishmania major and an anthroponotic type caused by Leishmania tropica. This is attributed to environmental changes, irregular construction, increased waste, and stray dogs in the cities. Internal displacement, poverty, and malnutrition play a role in the occurrence of disease. Iraq has been exposed to wars, civil war, widespread violence, and terrorism, Internal displacement of population, unlawful housing, shortage of municipal services, and accumulation of garbage have been increasing in the cities since 2003. Reports from Iraqi MOH documented an increase in the rate of CL. Eventually, case investigation, vector, and reservoir controls were suspended. Geopolitical conflicts and geospatial health deterioration contributed to an increase in various dominant reservoir species in these areas, particularly for ZCL, and the activity of the sand flies. A sudden sharp increase in CL cases was observed during 2003–2015. In conclusion, ongoing crises exposed Iraq to deterioration, collapse, and destruction of health system infrastructure and uncontrolled urbanization, all of which can act as risk factors for Leishmaniasis.

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

The Current Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the Pattern of Lesions in Ochollo Primary School Students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia

The Current Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and the Pattern of Lesions in Ochollo Primary School Students, Ochollo, Southwestern Ethiopia

The impact of COVID-19 followed by extreme flooding on vector borne diseases in Pakistan: A mini narrative review

Geopolitical and Geospatial Conflicts Affecting Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Iraqi Cases, 2014-2015

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