Cutaneous malignant melanoma incidence and mortality trends in Canada: A comprehensive population-based study

Cyr

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background Several risk factors have been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) leukemogenesis. However, the epidemiologic distribution and precise triggers for AML in Canada remain poorly understood. Methods In this study, demographic data for AML patients in Canada from 1992 to 2010 were analyzed using 3 independent population‐based cancer registries. The AML incidence and mortality rates were examined at the levels of province/territory, city, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal code. Results In total, 18,085 patients were identified. AML incidence was documented to be 30.61 cases per million individuals per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 30.17‐31.06) from 1992 to 2010. Five industrial cities in Ontario were identified where incidence rates were significantly higher than the national average: Sarnia, Sault Ste. Marie, Thunder Bay, St. Catharines, and Hamilton. Analysis at the FSA postal code level identified significant patient clusters of AML in these cities. Specifically, FSA N7V in Sarnia, Ontario had an incidence of 106.81 (95% CI, 70.96‐161.86) cases per million individuals per year, which is >3 times higher than the national average. The pollution from local oil refineries and chemical plants in Sarnia may be implicated as a risk factor for AML in that city. Analysis of mortality rates at the province and city levels corroborated the findings from the incidence data. Conclusion These results provide a comprehensive analysis of AML burden in Canada and reveal striking geographic case clustering in industrial Ontario cities and potentially implicate exposure to materials/pollution from these plants as an important risk factor for developing AML in Canada.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of acute myeloid leukemia incidence and geographic distribution in Canada from 1992 to 2010 reveals disease clusters in Sarnia and other industrial US border cities in Ontario

Cyr

et al. 2019

Cancer

Self Cite

“…In addition, in accordance with the institutional policy, this study received an exemption from McGill University research ethics board review. This work was performed in a manner similar to that previously reported . Incidence data for MM and PCL were obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry (CCR) for cases occurring in provinces outside Quebec and from le Registre Québécois du Cancer (LRQC) for cases in Quebec, whereas all mortality data were obtained from the Canadian Vital Statistics (CVS) database.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accepted risk factors for MM include a positive family history, an advanced age, black race, and male sex, with an elevated risk also being demonstrated for activities leading to obesity or a poor diet and a lower socioeconomic status . Studies assessing environmental and occupational exposures worldwide have consistently shown an elevated risk of MM in farmers and in individuals exposed to pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma epidemiology and patient geographic distribution in Canada: A population study

Tsang

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of mature plasma cells. Environmental risk factors identified for this malignancy, among others, include farming and exposure to pesticides. Methods Using 3 independent population‐based databases (the Canadian Cancer Registry, le Registre Québécois du Cancer, and Canadian Vital Statistics), this study analyzed patients’ clinical characteristics and the incidence, mortality, and geographic distribution of MM cases in Canada during 1992‐2015. Results In total, ~32,065 patients were identified, and 53.7% were male. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 70 ± 12.1 years. The average incidence rate in Canada was 54.29 cases per million individuals per year, and linear regression modeling showed a steady rise in the annual rate of 0.96 cases per million individuals per year. At the provincial level, Quebec and Ontario had significantly higher incidence rates than the rest of Canada. An analysis of individual municipalities and postal codes showed lower incidence rates in large metropolitan areas and in high‐latitude regions of the country, whereas high incidence rates were observed in smaller municipalities and rural areas. Land use analysis demonstrated increased density of crop farms and agricultural industries in high‐incidence areas. A comparison with the available data from 2011‐2015 showed several consistent trends at provincial, municipal, and regional levels. Conclusions These results provide a comprehensive analysis of the MM burden in Canada. Large metropolitan cities as well as high‐latitude regions were associated with lower MM incidence. Higher incidence rates were noted in smaller cities and rural areas and were associated with increased density of agricultural facilities.

Epidemiologic trends and geographic distribution of esophageal cancer in Canada: A national population‐based study

Cattelan

et al. 2019

Cancer Medicine

BackgroundEsophageal cancer can be subdivided into two main histological subtypes with significant variability in their etiology and epidemiology. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) is increasing across the developed countries, whereas the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is declining. Several risk factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of each subtype, however, their epidemiologic characteristics and distribution throughout Canada remain poorly understood.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of demographic data across Canada from 1992 to 2010 using two independent population‐based cancer registries. The incidence of esophageal cancer, for each subtype, was examined at the levels of provinces/territories, cities, and postal codes.ResultsA total of 19 790 patients were diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Canada between 1992 and 2010; 74% were males. The average national incidence rate was 33.5 cases per million individuals per year. Incidence of esophageal AC increased over time, with notable high‐incidence rates on the Vancouver Island, the coasts of the Great Lakes, and the coasts of the Northumberland Strait in the Maritimes. The overall incidence of esophageal SCC has decreased. However, high incidence of esophageal SCC was detected in the Vancouver city, rural eastern Québec, and in the Maritimes. We also report clustering for each subtype using postal codes, which sheds light onto new avenues of research for potential environmental etiologies.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, provides a detailed analysis on the burden of esophageal cancer in Canada, revealing important geographic clustering trends.