Cutaneous manifestation of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> complex infection in an Australian shepherd dog

Ramos, Sara; Woodward, Michelle; Wakamatsu, Nobuko; Bolin, Steven R.; Friedman, Martha Lane

doi:10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000934

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…to MAC infection in an Australian shepherd, in which PCR targeting failed to distinguish MAC subspecies (Ramos et al, 2019). That is, however, the present case lacked systemic involvement and any lymphadenopathy.…”

Section: Case Reportcontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic dermatitis and cellulitis in addition to histiocytic and neutrophilic lymphadenitis have been reported in a golden retriever with M. avium infection, without specifying the subspecies (Sharp et al., 2019 ). Diffuse ulcerated and pyogranulomatous cutaneous nodules accompanied by generalized lymphadenomegaly have been attributed to MAC infection in an Australian shepherd, in which PCR targeting failed to distinguish MAC subspecies (Ramos et al., 2019 ). That is, however, the present case lacked systemic involvement and any lymphadenopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in a dog: Clinical findings, histopathological and molecular diagnosis and treatment

Golchin,

Sasani,

Asadian

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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A 3‐year‐old castrated male Jack Russell Terrier with a history of cholestatic hepatitis was presented with a non‐painful and non‐pruritic, subcutaneous nodule following vaccine injection. The dog was otherwise healthy. The nodule was surgically removed. Upon gross inspection, a firm, glistening and loculated tissue was seen within the panniculus. Histopathologically, extensive pyogranulomatous panniculitis was diagnosed, composed of variably sized lipocyst surrounded by neutrophils and an outer zone of foamy epithelioid macrophages, neutrophils and occasional Langhans form giant cells. Although histopathologic findings were most compatible with mycobacteriosis, other infectious and sterile conditions were considered differential diagnoses. Gram, acid‐fast and periodic acid Schiff staining were negative. However, PCR analyses for mycobacterial rpoB gene and sequencing revealed infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Empirical treatment was avoided through the 3‐week course of histopathological and molecular investigations. Considering that there were no newly formed cutaneous masses, marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO q24h) was administered for 2 weeks, and clarithromycin was avoided due to its potential cholestatic hepatitis adverse effects. Eight months following surgery, there are no new or relapsing cutaneous lesions or disease‐specific complications. This suggests that marbofloxacin monotherapy may be sufficient in immunocompetent dogs with early detection of localized cutaneous mycobacteriosis lacking lymph node or organ involvement.

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Section: Case Reportcontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in a dog: Clinical findings, histopathological and molecular diagnosis and treatment

Golchin,

Sasani,

Asadian

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…2017, Ramos et al . 2019, Sharp et al . 2019) and for most of them the M. avium subspecies involved was not identified (Friend et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium infection associated with sterile polyarthritis in a dog

Gelendi

Taylor

D'Aout

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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A 1‐year‐old male neutered Portuguese Podengo dog was presented for lameness, inappetence, pyrexia, diarrhoea and abdominal moderate to severe lymphadenomegaly. Cytology of synovial fluid revealed neutrophilic inflammation in multiple joints suggestive of immune‐mediated polyarthritis. Cytology of fine‐needle‐aspiration material obtained from lymph nodes revealed macrophages with intracytoplasmic, rod‐like Ziehl‐Neelsen positive staining structures, indicative of mycobacteria. Four‐month treatment with enrofloxacin, rifampicin and clarithromycin resulted in clinical improvement and resolution of polyarthritis as evidenced on repeat synoviocentesis, but diarrhoea recurred, Ziehl‐Neelsen positive organisms were again found on lymph node cytology and analysis of the 16S rRNA‐gene using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool facility resulted in a match to Mycobacterium avium with 100% sequence identity. Treatment was adjusted to include pradofloxacin, doxycycline, rifampicin and ethambutol and 3 months later the dog is clinically normal. Based on the literature search, this is the first time canine Mycobacterium avium infection associated with immune‐mediated polyarthritis is reported. Based on scoping searches, this is the first report of canine Mycobacterium avium infection associated with immune‐mediated polyarthritis.

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Mycobacterium avium: an Emerging Pathogen for Dog Breeds with Hereditary Immunodeficiencies

Ghielmetti

Giger

2020

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Among the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the leading cause of pulmonary disease in humans. Innate and acquired immunodeficiencies have been associated with an increased host susceptibility to NTM infections. The underlying mechanisms predisposing humans and dogs to MAC infections are being elucidated. Recent Findings Although MAC infection is infrequently diagnosed in dogs, a strong breed predisposition particularly for Miniature Schnauzer and Basset Hound dogs is evident. A recessively inherited defect of the adaptor protein CARD9 has recently been documented to be responsible for the increased susceptibility to MAC in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. Summary Given the zoonotic potential of a MAC-infected dog particularly to immunocompromised human patients, diseased dogs pose a public health risk. While not a reportable disease, treatment of systemic mycobacteriosis is generally not effective and discouraged in dogs. The collaborative efforts by microbiologists, veterinary clinicians, dog breeders, primary care physicians, and infectious disease specialists applying the One Health approach are therefore crucial for the best management and prevention of MAC infection.

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Cutaneous manifestation of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an Australian shepherd dog

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in a dog: Clinical findings, histopathological and molecular diagnosis and treatment

Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in a dog: Clinical findings, histopathological and molecular diagnosis and treatment

Mycobacterium avium infection associated with sterile polyarthritis in a dog

Mycobacterium avium: an Emerging Pathogen for Dog Breeds with Hereditary Immunodeficiencies

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