Cutaneous Manifestations in HIV Infected Libyan Patients

Abstract

Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease may result from HIV infection itself, or from opportunistic disorders secondary to the declined immunocompetence due to the disease. A total of 220 HIV positive patients, treated in the Benghazi Center of Infectious Diseases and Immunology over a period of 14 years (January 2003 to November 2016), were included in a retrospective study. The patients' age ranged from 7 to 46 years. The study was conducted by reviewing the patients' records using the management information system (MIS). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by the t-test and Chi square test. Among the studied patients, 119 (54.1%) were males and 101 (45.9%) were females, and most of them (78.6%) were 10 – 19 years of age. The predominant mode of transmission was parenteral transmission, in 95% of patients, and positive family history was observed in 12% of patients. Among the total number of visits to dermatologists, 93% of patients had a single disease. Of the total number of skin diseases diagnosed during the visits, parasitic infestations were seen in 92 patients (21.0%), eczematous and related disorders in 78 patients (17.8%), viral infections in 71 patients (16.2%), bacterial infections in 41 patients (9.3%), and fungal infections in 35 patients (7.9%). Dermatophyte infections were the most common fungal infections recorded in 19 patients (4.3%), followed by Candida infection in 11 patients (2.5%). Warts were found in 5.9% of viral infections, followed by herpes zoster (4.1%). HIV positive patients should be examined for skin disorders, because early diagnosis and management of such problems improves the quality of life in these patients.

Patterns of common skin infections among children living with HIV/AIDS in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

“…The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of skin problems among children living with HIV/AIDS attending in Hawassa University comprehensive specialized hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Thus, skin and mucocutaneous infections can be the early indication of HIV-associated compromised immune system [2, 9]. Therefore, identification of these HIV-related skin problems may possibly lead to early diagnosis of HIV infection and endowing with timely initiation of appropri-ate ART [2].…”

“…HIV/AIDS is the most common and serious viral disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that affects about 39–46 million people in the world [1, 2]. Most reside in the developing world, with approximately two-third in sub-Saharan Africa and nearly 12% of these infections occurred in children younger than 15 years of age [3].…”

“…Skin and mucocutaneous infections such as herpes simplex infection, candidiasis, impetigo, ecthyma and furun-cles, mollus-cum contagiosum, plane warts, seborrheic eczema and Kaposi’s sarco-ma etc. are common skin infections among people living with HIV/AIDS [2]. Skin disorders in children living with HIV/AIDS may have atypical presentation, be inclined to be more severe and may diagnosed wrongly [6].…”

Manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes VIH/SIDA acorde a la cuantificación de CD4 y carga viral

“…22 En cambio en Gizaw 23 fue más frecuente la infección por herpes zóster, quizá porque la mayoría de los pacientes tienen un bajo recuento de células CD4 y significativamente está asociado con la manifestación de la piel. En el estudio de Aljehawi 24 encontró que las infecciones parasitarias predominan, lo que discrepa con este estudio por el tiempo de estudio de 14 años y la ubicación realizada en Libia donde existe una mayor prevalencia de VIH en la población. Las manifestaciones dermatológicas pueden ser la primera pista de una infección por VIH y también puede ser útil en el monitoreo del estado inmune del paciente.…”

Skin manifestations and human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Tigray region, Ethiopia: Implications for clinical management and epidemiologic surveillance

“…The prevalence of HIV/AIDS has increased in recent years affecting approximately 39-46 million people worldwide. [1][2][3] The majority of HIV-infected individuals reside in resource-limited countries, with approximately two-thirds in sub-Saharan Africa. [4][5][6] Dermatological manifestations are common in HIV-infected individuals, being reported in more than 90% of patients, often presenting with uncommon clinical signs, increased severity and therapeutic resistance.…”