Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis

Boniol, Mathieu; Autier, Philippe; Boyle, Peter; Gandini, Sara

doi:10.1136/bmj.e4757

Cited by 571 publications

(568 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…14,15 Two recent studies provide estimates of the number of skin cancers that may be caused by indoor tanning each year; more than 170,000 cases of squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin may be due to indoor tanning in the U.S. annually, and more than 3400 cases of melanoma may be due to indoor tanning in Europe. 16,17 Melanoma causes more deaths than any other skin cancer, and its incidence is increasing, particularly among non-Hispanic whites and women; increases have also been noted among all tumor thicknesses. 18 Additionally, melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. 19,20 Indoor tanning before age 35 years increases the risk of melanoma by 60%-80% or more, possibly because of longer duration of use.…”

Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Additionally, melanoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. 19,20 Indoor tanning before age 35 years increases the risk of melanoma by 60%-80% or more, possibly because of longer duration of use. 3,13,16,21 In addition to the morbidity and mortality it causes, skin cancer poses a substantial economic burden in the U.S. 22,23 The treatment of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer costs an estimated $1.7 billion each year. Costs due to lost productivity are estimated to be $3.8 billion.…”

Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Exposure to ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning devices (tanning beds, booths, and sun lamps) or from the sun contributes to the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, which is the type of skin cancer responsible for most deaths. Indoor tanning is common among certain groups, especially among older adolescents and young adults, adolescent girls and young women, and non-Hispanic whites. Increased understanding of the health risks associated with indoor tanning has led to many efforts to reduce use. Most environmental and systems efforts in the U.S. (e.g., age limits or requiring parental consent/accompaniment) have occurred at the state level. At the national level, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Federal Trade Commission regulate indoor tanning devices and advertising, respectively.The current paper provides a brief review of (1) the evidence on indoor tanning as a risk factor for skin cancer; (2) factors that may influence use of indoor tanning devices at the population level; and (3) various environmental and systems options available for consideration when developing strategies to reduce indoor tanning. This information provides the context and background for the companion paper in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, which summarizes highlights from an informal expert meeting convened by the CDC in August 2012 to identify opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing use of indoor tanning devices.

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Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indoor Tanning and Cancer Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Watson

Holman

Fox³

et al. 2013

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Meta-analyses indicate that any lifetime indoor tanning increases the risks of non-melanoma skin cancer by 29-67 % and melanoma by approximately 20 %, and these risks are increased with greater indoor tanning exposure [3,4]. Despite modest declines in the prevalence of indoor tanning in the USA recently, indoor tanning remains prevalent among nonHispanic white women 18 to 30 years of age [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Support for indoor tanning policies among young adult women who indoor tan

Mays

Murphy

Bubly

et al. 2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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The purpose of this study to examine support for indoor tanning policies and correlates of policy support among young adult women who indoor tan. Non-Hispanic white women ages 18-30 who indoor tanned in the past year (n = 356, M 23.3 age, SD 3.1) recruited in the Washington, DC area from 2013 to 2016 completed measures of indoor tanning behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and policy support. Most women in the sample supported policies to prevent children under the age of 18 from indoor tanning (74.0 %) and stronger warnings about the risks of indoor tanning on tanning devices (77.6 %); only 10.1 % supported a total ban. In multivariable analyses, support for individual indoor tanning policies varied by demographics (e.g., age), frequent indoor tanning behavior, indoor tanning beliefs, and risk perceptions. NonHispanic white young adult women who indoor tan, the primary consumers of indoor tanning, and a high-risk population, largely support indoor tanning prevention policies implemented by many state governments and those currently under review for national enactment. Given low levels of support for a total indoor tanning ban, support for other potential policies (e.g., increasing the minimum age to 21) should be investigated to inform future steps to reduce indoor tanning and the associated health risks.

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“…Health belief model, Indoor tanning, Tanning cessation, Tanning quitting, Qualitative research Indoor tanning is a strong risk factor for melanoma [2]. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC) classified ultraviolet (UV)-emitting tanning devices (tanning beds, lamps, and booths) as carcinogenic to humans [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC) classified ultraviolet (UV)-emitting tanning devices (tanning beds, lamps, and booths) as carcinogenic to humans [3]. Results from recent meta-analysis that included 27 observational studies published within the past 30 years, showed that the risk of cutaneous melanoma was increased by 20 % for ever users of indoor tanning devices with artificial ultraviolet light, and the risk of melanoma was doubled when use started before the age of 35 years [2]. Besides melanoma, indoor tanners are at high risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma) [4], premature aging including loss of skin firmness, solar elastosis, and wrinkles [5, 6], skin burns [7], and eye damage [8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

Banerjee

Hay

Geller

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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This study examined health belief model (HBM) relevant constructs in the context of indoor tanning cessation. Telephone interviews were conducted between December 2011 and April 2012 with participants drawn from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) population, specifically, former tanning bed users (N=14, all females; mean age, 25.65 years) who reported frequent use in 2007, but had quit by 2010. Participants identified important motivations for quitting including health and financial reasons and the central role of family and friends in providing encouragement for indoor tanning cessation. However, participants also noted substantial barriers to maintaining indoor tanning quitting (e.g., social pressures to look good, tanning salon incentives). Participants' experience of withdrawal highlighted psychological factors more often than physical factors; some were open to resuming use in the future. The findings will be useful in intervention development to encourage cessation, the strengthening of policies to regulate the indoor tanning industry, as well as public health messaging to raise awareness of this prevalent, easily accessible cancer risk behavior. KeywordsHealth belief model, Indoor tanning, Tanning cessation, Tanning quitting, Qualitative research Indoor tanning is a strong risk factor for melanoma [2]. In 2009, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer Working Group (IARC) classified ultraviolet (UV)-emitting tanning devices (tanning beds, lamps, and booths) as carcinogenic to humans [3]. Results from recent meta-analysis that included 27 observational studies published within the past 30 years, showed that the risk of cutaneous melanoma was increased by 20 % for ever users of indoor tanning devices with artificial ultraviolet light, and the risk of melanoma was doubled when use started before the age of 35 years [2]. Besides melanoma, indoor tanners are at high risk for nonmelanoma skin cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma) [4], premature aging including loss of skin firmness, solar elastosis, and wrinkles [5, 6], skin burns [7], and eye damage [8,9]. Therefore, even though perceptions that indoor tanning is a safe way to tan are prevalent and predict use [10], there is strong evidence that indoor tanning carries important risks.Despite the health risks associated with indoor tanning, it is a common practice, particularly among Whites, women, and adults aged 18-25 years. Approximately 30 % of white women aged 18-25 report use of indoor tanning facilities in the past 12 months [11]. Increased use has been reported among white women aged 18-21 years (referring to non-Hispanic white women who tanned in the past 12 months), with an average of 27.6 sessions per year. As well, over half (58 %) of white female indoor tanning users, and 40 %

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Cutaneous melanoma attributable to sunbed use: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract: Objective To estimate the burden of melanoma resulting from sunbed use in western Europe.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cited by 571 publications

References 78 publications

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Preventing Skin Cancer Through Reduction of Indoor Tanning

Support for indoor tanning policies among young adult women who indoor tan

Quitting the “Cancer Tube”: a qualitative examination of the process of indoor tanning cessation

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