Cutaneous mercury deposits after henna dye application in the arm

Mouzopoulos, George; Tsouparopoulos, V.; Mihelarakis, I.; Pasparakis, D.; Agapitos, Emmanuel

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07984.x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been speculated that one – or the combination of several – of the additive substances contained in the commercial henna paste may play a role in inducing transient hair growth . One case of cutaneous mercury deposition after the application of henna dye containing red pigment with a painful cutaneous granuloma and abscess in a 13‐year‐old has been presented; the subcutaneous tissue with the mercury materials had to be removed surgically . In an 8‐year‐old girl from India, depigmented spots at the tattoo site were seen 3 days after its application.…”

Section: Side‐effects Of Black Hennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Side‐effects of henna and semi‐permanent ‘black henna’ tattoos: a full review

Groot¹

2013

Contact Dermatitis

135

117

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SummaryHenna, the dried and powdered leaf of Lawsonia inermis, is widely used as a dye for the skin, hair, and nails, and as an expression of body art, especially in Islamic and Hindu cultures. As it stains the skin reddish-brown, it is also called red henna. Black henna is the combination of red henna with p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and is used for temporary 'black henna tattoos'. This article provides a full review of the side-effects of topical application of red and black henna, both cutaneous (allergic and non-allergic) and systemic. Red henna appears to be generally safe, with rare instances of contact allergy and type I hypersensitivity reactions. In children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, topical application of henna may cause life-threatening haemolysis. Black henna tattoos will induce contact allergy to its ingredient PPD at an estimated frequency of 2.5%. Once sensitized, the patients may experience allergic contact dermatitis from the use of hair dyes containing PPD. There are often cross-reactions to other hair dyes, dyes used in textiles, local anaesthetics, and rubber chemicals. The sensitization of children to PPD may have important consequences for health and later career prospects. Systemic toxicity of black henna has been reported in certain African countries.

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Section: Side‐effects Of Black Hennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Side‐effects of henna and semi‐permanent ‘black henna’ tattoos: a full review

Groot¹

2013

Contact Dermatitis

135

117

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The extent of mercury (Hg) exposure among Saudi mothers and their respective infants

Al‐Saleh

Abduljabbar

Al-Rouqi

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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A total of 1016 healthy Saudi mothers and their respective infants (aged 3-12 months) were recruited from 57 Primary Health Care Centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate the extent of mercury (Hg) exposure and predict its sources in the healthy Saudi population. Total Hg levels were measured in maternal urine, breast milk, blood, and hair and in the infants' urine and hair. Only 1.9% of the mothers had urinary Hg (UHg)>10 μg/l, the limit for asymptomatic adults recommended by the World Health Organization, but the median (0.99 μg/l) was higher than in other countries. Also, 49.3% of the mothers had UHg>1 μg/l, the German reference value for adults. Median infant UHg was 0.729 μg/l, and 77 and 93 % of the infants had levels higher than 0.4 and 0.1 μg/l, the reference values of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and for Germany, respectively. The median Hg level in breast milk was 0.884 μg/l. Even though 43.2% of the milk samples were above the background level for Hg in human milk (1 μg/l), our results were lower than those reported from other countries. Median maternal total Hg in blood was 0.637 μg/l, and only 0.4 and 6.9% of samples were higher than the Hg reference levels of 5.8 μg/l of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and of 2 μg/l for Germany, respectively. Total Hg levels in hair (HHg) varied widely among mothers and infants, but only 3.9% of the mothers and 2.8% of the infants had HHg>1 μg/g (the EPA reference level). Median HHg values were 0.117 μg/g dry weight in mothers and 0.1 μg/g dry weight in infants; both were lower than in other countries. The Hg levels in mothers and their respective infants were relatively low, but our results were consistent with other studies indicating that dental amalgam fillings and fish consumption were the main predictors of maternal Hg exposure. Among the several biomarkers of Hg exposure, Hg levels in maternal hair and urine were the strongest predictors of infant exposure. The lack of an association between Hg in breast milk and Hg in infant urine and hair suggested that the infants were exposed to Hg predominately during pregnancy rather than during breastfeeding. We expect that our data can serve as a baseline for further biomonitoring and follow-up studies, particularly of the long-term impact of Hg on childhood neurodevelopment.

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Cutaneous deposits

Weedon

2010

Weedon's Skin Pathology

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Cutaneous mercury deposits after henna dye application in the arm

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Side‐effects of henna and semi‐permanent ‘black henna’ tattoos: a full review

Side‐effects of henna and semi‐permanent ‘black henna’ tattoos: a full review

The extent of mercury (Hg) exposure among Saudi mothers and their respective infants

Cutaneous deposits

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