Cutaneous mercury granulomas, hyperpigmentation and systemic involvement: A case of mercury toxicity following herbal medication for psoriasis

Abstract

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Metabolomics: a promising tool for deciphering metabolic impairment in heavy metal toxicities

“…Chronic heavy metal exposures can lead to hyperpigmentation (Granstein and Sober, 1981;Jagadeesan et al, 2021), hyperkeratosis (Huang et al, 2019), cutaneous cancers (Järup, 2003;Uddin et al, 2007;Surdu et al, 2013) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated metabolic pathologies including hypertension (Rahman et al, 1999), atherosclerosis (Hsieh et al, 2008), reduced NO Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences frontiersin.org availability (Simeonova and Luster, 2004), altered renin-angiotensin system (Akther et al, 2019), disrupted vascular smooth muscle Ca 2+ signaling (Marchetti, 2013), thrombosis (Arbi et al, 2017;Ferrante et al, 2017), suppression of vasodilator (Tan et al, 2020) and overexpression of vasoconstrictor prostaglandins (Alissa and Ferns, 2011), and increased inflammatory responses (Zhang et al, 2020;Nguyen, Oh, Hoang and Kim, 2021). Overall, oxidative stress from exposure to heavy metals leads to ROS-associated metabolic reprogramming, cellular and/or organelle dysfunction, as well as perturbations of critical pathways related to carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism (Wu et al, 2016).…”