Cutaneous myiasis in Saudi Arabia

El-Azazy, O.M.E.; El-Metenawy, T. M.

doi:10.1136/vr.154.10.305

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Minor incursions have also occurred in other Gulf States, including an introduction of C. bezziana into Bahrain in 1977 (Kloft et al ., 1981) and into the United Arab Emirates in 1988 (Spradbery & Kirk, 1992). Sporadic cases of OWS myiasis also occur in Saudi Arabia, in humans (Ansari & Oertley, 1982) and livestock (Alahmed, 2002; El‐Azazy & El‐Metenawy, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Siddig¹,

Jowary

Izzi³

et al. 2005

Medical Vet Entomology

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Following the first recorded introduction of the Old World screwworm fly (OWS), Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), into the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq in September 1996, cases of livestock myiasis caused by OWS developed a distinctly seasonal pattern. The annual cycle of clinical OWS cases is explained here on the basis of environmental variables that affect the different life-cycle stages of C. bezziana. This analysis suggests that low temperatures restricted pupal development during the winter, whereas the dispersal of adult flies was constrained by hot/dry summer conditions. A restricted number of OWS foci persisted throughout the year. In these foci, pupal development was fastest during the autumn months. In autumn, rapid multiplication, lasting several OWS generations, allowed subsequent adult fly dispersal across the valley floor during the winter. Hence, the monthly incidence of clinical OWS cases in livestock peaked during December-January and was lowest during July-August. In addition to temperature and humidity, vegetation cover played a role in OWS distribution. Hence the majority of OWS cases were clustered in the medium density type of vegetation [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values of 0.2-0.4] along the main watercourses in the marshy Mesopotamia valley. Although sheep were the host most commonly infested by C. bezziana, local sheep density was not found to be a major factor in disease spread. Satellite imagery and the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools were found to be valuable in understanding the distribution of OWS in relation to vegetation and watercourses. The presence of screwworm in Iraq, at the perimeter of the intercontinental OWS distribution, may give rise to major seasonal flare-ups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Siddig¹,

Jowary

Izzi³

et al. 2005

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…The human cases included ophthalmomyiasis in Riyadh (Kersten and others 1986) and nasal myiasis in Dhahran, in the Eastern Province (Ansari and Oertley 1982). Cases reported in animals have included ocular myiasis in a camel in the Eastern Province (Ramadan and El-Bihari 1980), and cutaneous myiasis in sheep in Riyadh (El-Kholany and Omar 1999), Jeddah and Bureida (El-Azazy and El-Metenawy 2004). The present report describes the infestation of cattle, horses and a donkey (Table 1), and the importance of sheep and goats, which together suffered 79 per cent of all infestations.…”

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confidence: 71%

Incidence of Chrysomya bezziana screw‐worm myiasis in Saudi Arabia, 1999/2000

Abo‐Shehada¹

2005

Veterinary Record

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per cent), horses (4 per cent) and camels (3 per cent), and there was a single case in a donkey. As well as C bezziana, Wohlfahrtia nuba, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Lucillia cuprina, Lucillia sericata and Chrysomya albiceps were also found. There are a few previous reports of C bezziana myiasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, involving human beings and animals. The human cases included ophthalmomyiasis in Riyadh (Kersten and others 1986) and nasal myiasis in Dhahran, in the Eastern Province (Ansari and Oertley 1982). Cases reported in animals have included ocular myiasis in a camel in the Eastern Province (Ramadan and El-Bihari 1980), and cutaneous myiasis in sheep in Riyadh (El-Kholany and Omar 1999), Jeddah and Bureida (El-Azazy and El-Metenawy 2004). The present report describes the infestation of cattle, horses and a donkey (Table 1), and the importance of sheep and goats, which together suffered 79 per cent of all infestations. C bezziana is known to prevail in countries that share borders with Saudi Arabia and which are within the flying distance capability of the fly (100 km); these are Bahrain, Qatar,

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“…Spradbery et al (1992) reared larvae to adulthood to permit identification; if this had been possible in the current study it is likely that some of the unidentified sarcophagid larvae collected in Oman (18.9% of cases, Table 1) would have been identified as W. nuba . El‐Azazy & El‐Metenawy (2004) concluded that W. nuba was an important myiasis‐causing agent in Saudi Arabia, responsible for almost one‐third of cases in all areas studied. Whereas the current study recorded a variety of species involved in traumatic myiasis in Iran, Navidpour et al (1996) recorded that 99.6% of cases resulted from OWS fly alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its importance as a livestock pest in Iran was not described until an outbreak of OWS myiasis occurred in Khoozestan Province, mainly among lambs and adult sheep (Navidpour et al , 1996; Haddadzadeh et al , 1997). In Saudi Arabia, older records of OWS infestation also refer to human cases (Ansari & Oertley, 1982; Kersten et al , 1986), but there have been more recent reports of its importance to the livestock industry (Alahmed, 2002; El‐Azazy & El‐Metenawy, 2004). The presence of OWS in Oman was confirmed by Spradbery et al (1992), who reviewed past records for the Gulf region and concluded that all Gulf countries were endemic for OWS fly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of populations of Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, causing traumatic myiasis of livestock in the Gulf region and implications for control by sterile insect technique

Hall¹,

Wardhana²,

Shahhosseini³

et al. 2009

Medical Vet Entomology

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. Fly larvae were collected from 181 cases of traumatic myiasis in livestock in 10 regions of four countries in the Middle East Gulf region: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Oman. The predominant fly species responsible for cases was the Old World screwworm (OWS) fly, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In cases from Iran and Oman, which included non-OWS fly species, OWS fly was found solely responsible for 67.6% of cases and jointly with other fly species for a further 12.7% of cases. The major hosts were sheep and goats, together comprising 84.6% of the total, which reflects their predominance among the livestock of these Gulf countries. The major site of wounding on sheep and goats was the tail (40.3%), followed by female genitalia (14.0%). The 3 ′ terminal 715 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were sequenced for 178 larvae of OWS. Five haplotypes were identified: three had been recorded previously in the region (two were common throughout and one was unique to Oman), and two were newly identified, one from southern Iraq and the other from Saudi Arabia, both in regions sampled for the first time. The haplotypes varied from one another only at one or two nucleotide sites, equivalent to an intraspecific difference of 0.14 -0.28% across the entire 715-bp fragment. There was a single statistically significant association between host species and haplotype in Saudi Arabia, a first such record for OWS fly. The small degree of genetic diversity between geographical populations of OWS fly within the Gulf region suggests that a single Gulf colony could be used to implement the sterile insect technique within an integrated control programme.

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Cutaneous myiasis in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Seasonality of Old World screwworm myiasis in the Mesopotamia valley in Iraq

Incidence of Chrysomya bezziana screw‐worm myiasis in Saudi Arabia, 1999/2000

Genetic diversity of populations of Old World screwworm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, causing traumatic myiasis of livestock in the Gulf region and implications for control by sterile insect technique

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