Cutaneous Myopericytoma: A Report of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Cutaneous myopericytoma is a rarely reported mesenchymal neoplasm with a benign biologic behavior. It is seen more commonly in males and typically occurs in adults on the distal extremities. To the best of our knowledge, there are only 13 reports describing 45 cases of cutaneous myopericytoma in the literature. The 3 cases in this report expand the clinical presentation and reinforce the histopathologic features of cutaneous myopericytoma. While the clinical presentation in 2 cases (located on the scalp and heel) was in keeping with that reported previously of a slow-growing painless firm nodule, the third case, located on the dorsal wrist, presented as a scaly keratotic nodule. Histopathologic examination of all 3 cases revealed an unencapsulated dermal nodule with concentric perivascular arrangement of plump, spindle-shaped myoid cells admixed with thin-walled blood vessels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the lesional cells to be actin- (3/3) and caldesmon- (2/3) positive and negative for other smooth muscle markers, compatible with perivascular myopericytic differentiation.

Digital Myopericytoma: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review

“…Although there is a paucity of evidence, our review of the literature found that, in general, MP lesions are indolent, and develop slowly, unless displaying malignant features (i.e., necrosis, abnormal mitotic activity). There have been very few reports of local recurrence after excision, 5 and in one of the largest series of patients, there were only two cases of recurrence in 46 tumors at 48 months follow-up, despite incomplete excision in nearly 50% of cases. 4 Reports of spontaneous regression have also been reported, further demonstrating their indolent nature.…”

“…Although most lesions present in isolation, there are a few documented instances of multiple primary tumors. 5 Most cases of MP appear to be idiopathic, though there are isolated cases associated with trauma. In one small case series, lesions developed following facial abrasions at the alveolar ridge and forehead.…”

Case Report: A giant myopericytoma involving the occipital region of the scalp - a rare entity

“…Prior to diagnosing the myopericytoma, initially the major differential diagnosis was of a giant diffuse lipoma. Other differential diagnoses included other mesenchymal lesions, like desmin positive angioleiomyomas, glomus tumors in which epitheloid cells form rosettes, and solitary fibrous tumors, which do not form visible perivascular rosettes 13 . These can be differentiated on the basis of their characteristic immunohistological reactivity patterns, such as positive staining with SMA and often also with h-Caldesmon 9 .…”

“…Recurrence of the tumor can occur, even in benign cases, so complete excision should be the goal 13 . Following complete excision, patients should return for periodic follow-ups despite the benign nature of the tumor.…”

Oral myopericytoma: a rare pediatric case report and a review of the literature

“…MPC can be diagnosed by histology of the biopsied tissue. However, owing to overlapping morphologic features, MPC must be distinguished from other solitary fibrous tumors [ 4 ] using immunohistochemistry, i.e., positive staining for smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, h-caldesmon and calponin [ 3 , 5 – 8 ] and negative for desmin [ 9 ].…”