Cutaneous protothecosis: report of the second Brazilian case

Follador, Ivonise; Bittencourt, Achiléa Lisboa; Duran, Fernanda Paglia; Araújo, Maria das Graças Rodrigues de

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652001000500010

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…It is believed that Prototheca species may infect humans through contact with potential sources or by traumatic inoculation with the algae (28,45,59,75,80). Systemic and local predisposing factors can be identified in nearly all patients.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection may also occur by penetration of the agent when a skin injury comes in contact with contaminated water (45,59,161). Prototheca spp.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of all the immunosuppressive drugs prescribed, glucocorticoids are the most widely used and the most specifically associated with the onset of Prototheca infection. Infection has resulted, e.g., from locally injected steroids (66,80,109), systemic steroids (78,109,152), oral steroids (12), and even the application of topical steroid cream (45). Infection has also resulted in diseases that are themselves treated with steroids, e.g., lupus erythematosus (147), lymphoma (53), rheumatoid arthritis (27,100), and myasthenia gravis (92).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases have been reported from Europe (61,77,78,93,129), Asia (28,85,86,96,145,147,169), Africa (36), Oceania (55), and South and North America (45,90,166,167), particularly the southeast United States (45,55,158,166). In Taiwan, the rural region is most affected, displaying a high population of farmers and elderly people (27).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is believed that the incubation period is several weeks and that the algae penetrate the skin following posttraumatic damage (45,59,80). The lesions generally remain localized; immunocompromised patients, particularly those with cellular immunodeficiency, show a trend toward dissemination (56).…”

Section: Cutaneous Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Protothecosis

2007

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SUMMARY Human protothecosis is a rare infection caused by members of the genus Prototheca. Prototheca species are generally considered to be achlorophyllic algae and are ubiquitous in nature. The occurrence of protothecosis can be local or disseminated and acute or chronic, with the latter being more common. Diseases have been classified as (i) cutaneous lesions, (ii) olecranon bursitis, or (iii) disseminated or systemic manifestations. Infections can occur in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, although more severe and disseminated infections tend to occur in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii have been associated with human disease. Usually, treatment involves medical and surgical approaches; treatment failure is not uncommon. Antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used drugs to date. Among them, amphotericin B displays the best activity against Prototheca spp. Diagnosis is largely made upon detection of characteristic structures observed on histopathologic examination of tissue.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection may also occur by penetration of the agent when a skin injury comes in contact with contaminated water (45,59,161). Prototheca spp.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutaneous Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Protothecosis

2007

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Protothecosis

Pore

2010

Topley &Amp; Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections

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Clinical management and case review of a presumptive novel clinical presentation of protothecosis in donkeys causing ulcerated nodular lesions in the ear pinnae of 18 animals

Kay,

Knottenbelt,

Millins

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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This is a retrospective case series that describes a novel syndrome seen in 18 donkeys in Morocco that presented to this author,'s clinic with ulcerated nodular lesions of the ear pinnae. In the majority of cases, the lesions are confined to the ears, they are always bilateral and can occasionally progress to other areas of the body. Macroscopically, the lesions in all 18 donkeys are very uniform in presentation, even if the size of the nodules varies. This case series reviews the presentation, investigation, treatment and outcome for 18 cases presented to these authors’ clinics from 2011 to 2021. Skin biopsies from a subset of eight cases showed similar changes in chronic pyogranulomatous, dermatitis with myriad intra‐ and extra‐histiocytic organisms, the morphology of which is most consistent with that of Prototheca spp. infection. This is a novel presentation that represents a significant welfare issue for donkeys, as well as having important economic consequences for owners in the developing world.

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Cutaneous protothecosis: report of the second Brazilian case

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Human Protothecosis

Human Protothecosis

Protothecosis

Clinical management and case review of a presumptive novel clinical presentation of protothecosis in donkeys causing ulcerated nodular lesions in the ear pinnae of 18 animals

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