Cutaneous Schwannomas in 22 Horses

Schöniger, Sandra; Valentine, Beth A.; Fernandez, Charlene Judith; Summers, B. A.

doi:10.1177/0300985810377072

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…12 S100 was expressed in only 12 of the 197 tumors in this study and was found in both PNSTs and sarcoids in addition to fibrosarcomas and other sarcomas. Although S100 is a marker of neural crest-derived cells and a diagnostic marker for equine PNST (schwannomas and neurofibromas), 22,31,32 it is not a specific marker and is also found in many sarcomas as well as melanomas. 22 In humans, malignant PNSTs are often S100 negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bovine Papillomavirus DNA and S100 Profiles in Sarcoids and Other Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors in Horses

Epperson

Castleman

2016

Vet Pathol

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Histopathologic differentiation between deep dermal or subcuticular equine sarcoids (ie, nodular sarcoids) and other spindle cell tumors in the dermis and subcutis such as peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) can be challenging based on morphologic criteria alone. It has been proposed that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA and S100 immunohistochemistry be used as diagnostic tests to separate equine sarcoids from PNSTs. We reviewed 197 skin-associated spindle cell tumors (ie, soft tissue sarcomas), including PNSTs and sarcoids, received at the University of Florida between 1995 and 2013 and performed BPV PCR and S100 immunohistochemistry on archived paraffin-embedded tissues. We found that BPV DNA was demonstrable in 70% of the sarcoids, 59% of the PNSTs, 37% of the fibrosarcomas, and 22% of other tumors (myxosarcomas, fibromas, and other sarcomas) diagnosed on histomorphologic characteristics. Positive S100 staining was only seen in 12 tumors in the study (5 fibrosarcomas, 3 sarcoids, 2 PNSTs, and 2 other sarcomas). The results demonstrate that BPV is associated with many skin-associated spindle cell soft tissue tumors in horses in addition to sarcoids. S100 was rarely expressed in equine soft tissue sarcomas in the skin but was expressed in many tumor types, including PNSTs and sarcoids. Because 41% of the PNSTs classified by histomorphology in this study were BPV negative and 94% were S100 negative, it is reasonable to classify these as soft tissue sarcomas with nerve sheath tumor histomorphology rather than as either PNSTs or sarcoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As currently defined by the veterinary literature, PNSTs should be S100 positive. 31,32 Only 2 of 32 PNSTs classified morphologically were S100 positive. Forty-one percent of the tumors classified as PNSTs in our study were BPV-1/2 negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Papillomavirus DNA and S100 Profiles in Sarcoids and Other Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors in Horses

Epperson

Castleman

2016

Vet Pathol

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“…Six PWT cases (Nos. 33,35,42,56,57, and 59) were assigned to the MPNST cluster. All of these tumors occurred in the forelimb or hindlimb, and all were positive for S100, nestin, NGFR, Olig2, and/or claudin-1 and negative for a-SMA, desmin, and calponin.…”

Section: Cluster Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tumor Location on Diagnostic Criteria for Canine Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) and the Markers for Distinction Between Canine MPNSTs and Canine Perivascular Wall Tumors

2013

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Canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) occur not only in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but also in soft tissue and various organs (non-PNS). The most important diagnostic criterion is proof of peripheral nerve sheath origin. This is difficult in non-PNS MPNSTs, and its differential diagnosis is challenging. Canine perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) also commonly arise in soft tissue. Their histopathological features are quite similar to those of canine MPNSTs, making their differential diagnosis challenging. To elucidate whether the morphological features are applicable to diagnose non-PNS MPNSTs and to demonstrate useful markers for distinction between canine MPNSTs and PWTs, the authors examined 30 canine MPNSTs and 31 PWTs immunohistochemically for S100, nestin, NGFR, Olig2, claudin-1, CD57, PRX, α-SMA, desmin, and calponin. Among canine MPNSTs, the PNS tumors displayed significantly higher S100 and Olig2 expression than the non-PNS tumors. The expression levels of the other markers did not differ significantly, suggesting that the same morphological diagnostic criteria are applicable regardless of their location. The PWT cells displayed significantly weaker immunoreactivity than MPNSTs to markers used except α-SMA and desmin. Cluster analysis sorted most canine MPNSTs and PWTs into 2 distinctly different clusters, whereas 3 MPNSTs and 6 PWTs were assigned to the opposing cluster. These 3 MPNSTs were negative for almost all markers, while these 6 PWTs were positive for only neuronal markers. In particular, NGFR and Olig2 were almost negative in the rest of PWT cases. These findings suggest that NGFR and Olig2 are useful to distinguish these 2 tumors.

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“…Furthermore, the variety of histologic appearances of equine melanocytic neoplasms makes them difficult to distinguish from mimics such as schwannoma and equine sarcoid. 21 Immunohistochemistry is widely used to confirm a diagnosis of melanoma in human and veterinary medicine. Melanoma markers have variable sensitivity and specificity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Expression of Melanocytic Antigen PNL2, Melan A, S100, and PGP 9.5 in Equine Melanocytic Neoplasms

et al. 2013

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The immunoreactivity of PNL2, Melan A, and protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 was compared with that of S100 protein in 50 formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded equine melanocytic neoplasms. PNL2, PGP 9.5, and S100 protein were detected in all 50 neoplasms; none expressed Melan A. PNL2 was not expressed in 62 nonmelanocytic tumors (equine sarcoids, schwannomas, carcinomas, sarcomas, endocrine tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, germ cell tumors, and leukocytic tumors) or in normal tissues other than epidermis. In summary, antibody PNL2 is a sensitive marker of equine melanocytic neoplasms and is more specific than S100 protein or PGP 9.5. In contrast, the monoclonal antibody to Melan A did not react with any of the equine melanomas.

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Cutaneous Schwannomas in 22 Horses

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Bovine Papillomavirus DNA and S100 Profiles in Sarcoids and Other Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors in Horses

Bovine Papillomavirus DNA and S100 Profiles in Sarcoids and Other Cutaneous Spindle Cell Tumors in Horses

The Effects of Tumor Location on Diagnostic Criteria for Canine Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) and the Markers for Distinction Between Canine MPNSTs and Canine Perivascular Wall Tumors

Immunohistochemical Expression of Melanocytic Antigen PNL2, Melan A, S100, and PGP 9.5 in Equine Melanocytic Neoplasms

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