Cutaneous vasculitis in children: A nationwide epidemiological study in Spain

Abstract

Background: Cutaneous vasculitis (CV) are a complex group of conditions in children, of which IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common. The objectives of the current study are to describe the incidence of CV in Spain and to analyze the temporal trend in the last 11 years, as well as it seasonal distribution. Methods: Hospital discharges of patients aged 0-18 years with a diagnosis consistent with CV in Spain from 2005 to 2015 were collected from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE) databases. Results: A total of 7304 patients from January 2005 to December 2015 were included; 6991 patients (95%) had a diagnosis of IgAV. The yearly incidence in the whole group was 7.7 per 100,000. Mean age at diagnoses was 6±3 years and 52% were male. The highest rate of admissions was found in the 5-9 year-old group, followed by those with 0-4 years of age (15.7 and 9.0 admissions per 100.000, respectively). Admissions due to CV followed an annual cyclic pattern, with the highest number of daily admissions during fall and winter months and the lowest number in summer months. There was an overall downwards trend of the number of hospital admissions during the period of study, in both males and females (p=0.01). Conclusions: We have estimated an incidence of a 7.7 cases per 100,000 CV in children in Spain. CV-related hospitalization rates have a marked seasonal pattern, with a peak in fall and winter and a nadir in summer months. Children between 5 and 9 years of age are most frequently affected. There is a decreasing trend in CV-related hospitalization, the causes of which should be further assessed.