Cutaneous Zygomycosis Due to<i>Saksenaea Vasiformis</i>: Case Report and Literature Review

Al-Hedaithy, Mogbil A.

doi:10.5144/0256-4947.1998.428

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The majority of chronic soft tissue S. vasiformis infections reported in the literature occurred in male patients with no significant past medical histories who began to complain of infection-related symptoms days to months after trauma resulting in sporangiospore inoculation (9,199,240). Resolution of the infection was achieved with cauterization of lesions (9), treatment with AmB (250), or slough debridement (26) or resection of all macroscopically involved tissue (199) with treatment with AmB (26,199).…”

Section: Saksenaea Vasiformis Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic primary cutaneous or subcutaneous infections caused by S. vasiformis have been reported as painless (9), painful (26,240), and erythematous (9,240), with swelling (240), papules (199) or nodules (9,26), and small satellite lesions (9,199,240,250), occasionally forming bullae (240), gradually increasing in size (9,26,199,240), with induration (199,240,250), and finally rupturing and discharging a whitish purulent material (9,26,240) and forming ulcers (26,240,250). Necrosis (250), scars of old healed lesions (9), with (240) or without (9, 250) regional adenopathy, and low-grade fever (240) may occur.…”

Section: Saksenaea Vasiformis Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

2011

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SUMMARY Rhizopus , Mucor , and Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia ) species are the most common members of the order Mucorales that cause mucormycosis, accounting for 70 to 80% of all cases. In contrast, Cunninghamella , Apophysomyces , Saksenaea , Rhizomucor , Cokeromyces , Actinomucor , and Syncephalastrum species individually are responsible for fewer than 1 to 5% of reported cases of mucormycosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis of, treatment of, and prognosis for unusual Mucormycetes infections (non- Rhizopus , - Mucor , and - Lichtheimia species). The infections caused by these less frequent members of the order Mucorales frequently differ in their epidemiology, geographic distribution, and disease manifestations. Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Rhizomucor pusillus affect primarily immunocompromised hosts, mostly resulting from spore inhalation, causing pulmonary and disseminated infections with high mortality rates. R. pusillus infections are nosocomial or health care related in a large proportion of cases. While Apophysomyces elegans and Saksenaea vasiformis are occasionally responsible for infections in immunocompromised individuals, most cases are encountered in immunocompetent individuals as a result of trauma, leading to soft tissue infections with relatively low mortality rates. Increased knowledge of the epidemiology and clinical presentations of these unusual Mucormycetes infections may improve early diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Saksenaea Vasiformis Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saksenaea Vasiformis Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

2011

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“…Mucormycosis caused by S. vasiformis most often occurs after traumatic implantation of the fungus but can also be due to inhalation of spores (18), spider bites, insect stings, and the use of indwelling catheters (11,22,28,31). Clinical cases seems to be more common in tropical and subtropical climates than elsewhere and have been reported from Australia (16,19,22,40,48), India (6,7,11,33), the United States (1,8,31,35,45), Thailand (44), Tunisia (28), the Middle East (2,25), and Central and South America (9,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogeny and Proposal of Two New Species of the Emerging Pathogenic FungusSaksenaea

et al. 2010

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Saksenaea is a monotypic genus belonging to the order Mucorales and capable of producing severe human infections. Through a polyphasic study based on analysis of the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, domains D1 and D2 of the 28S rRNA gene, and the elongation factor 1␣ (EF-1␣) gene, as well as by evaluation of relevant morphological and physiological characteristics of a set of clinical and environmental strains, we have demonstrated that Saksenaea vasiformis is a complex of species. We propose as new species Saksenaea oblongispora, characterized by oblong sporangiospores and unable to grow at 42°C, and Saksenaea erythrospora, characterized by large sporangiophores and sporangia and by ellipsoid sporangiospores, biconcave in the lateral view. Itraconazole, posaconazole, and terbinafine were active against all isolates included in the study, while amphotericin B, voriconazole, and the echinocandins showed low activity.The genus Saksenaea S. B. Saksena, belonging to the subphylum Mucoromycotina, was first isolated from a forest soil in India (38). Saksenaea vasiformis S. B. Saksena, the only species of the genus, is a filamentous fungus reported in soil, driftwood, and grains (1, 12, 34), characterized by flask-shaped sporangia, short sporangiophores, oval sporangiospores, and dark rhizoids. It is a thermotolerant fungus that grows between 25°C and 44°C (13, 24, 44) and is able to cause severe human infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. Mucormycosis caused by S. vasiformis most often occurs after traumatic implantation of the fungus but can also be due to inhalation of spores (18), spider bites, insect stings, and the use of indwelling catheters (11,22,28,31). Clinical cases seems to be more common in tropical and subtropical climates than elsewhere and have been reported from Australia (16,19,22,40,48), India (6,7,11,33), the United States (1,8,31,35,45), Thailand (44), Tunisia (28), the Middle East (2, 25), and Central and South America (9, 47).Recent molecular studies, based mostly on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, which have proven to be a good phylogenetic marker in the Mucorales (5), have demonstrated unexpectedly high genetic diversity within the most relevant clinical species of this order (3,4,21). In the case of Saksenaea vasiformis, a few studies have also demonstrated relatively high intraspecific genetic diversity (9, 28), suggesting that more than one phylogenetic species may be present within this morphospecies.To identify possible cryptic species in S. vasiformis, we performed a polyphasic study, based on sequence analysis of three loci, and evaluated different morphological and physiological characteristics for a diverse panel of strains. MATERIALS AND METHODSFungal strains. A total of 11 strains from different reference culture collections were included in the study (Table 1) DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing. For sequencing of the ITS region, DNA was extracted and purified directly from fungal colonies by following a sl...

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“…[5] Cutaneous infections may be primary or secondary, representing hematogenous dissemination from some other primary site. In primary disease, the infection may occur at the site of barrier break as in surgery or an indwelling catheter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous zygomycosis due to Saksenaea vasiformis in an immunocompetent host

Baradkar

Kumar

2009

Indian J Dermatol

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Saksenaea vasiformis is an emerging zygomycete species, most often associated with cutaneous, subcutaneous and rhino- orbito-cerebral infections. Herein, we report a case of cutaneous zygomycosis of face caused by Saksenaea vasiformis in a 54-year-old immunocompetent female. The diagnosis was carried out by microscopy using KOH mount, Gram staining, Gomori's methenamine silver staining, hemotoxylin and eosin staining and culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar without actidione. Slide cultures were put up on Czapek Dox agar, which showed typical flask-shaped sporangium with rhizoids. The patient was treated successfully with intravenous amphotericin B.

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Cutaneous Zygomycosis Due toSaksenaea Vasiformis: Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

Mucormycosis Caused by Unusual Mucormycetes, Non-Rhizopus, -Mucor, and -Lichtheimia Species

Molecular Phylogeny and Proposal of Two New Species of the Emerging Pathogenic FungusSaksenaea

Cutaneous zygomycosis due to Saksenaea vasiformis in an immunocompetent host

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