Abstract:Animal fiber identification in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using the criterion of cuticle scale edge height (CSH) is a well established method suitable for all stages of textile processing. In his paper, P. A. Tucker ( Textile Res. J. 68, 229-230 (1998)) presents results that lead him to state comprehensively, "fiber identification based on scale heights is misleading for some and probably all chemically treated fibers." After scrutinizing Tucker's evidence in view of specific SEM investigations in … Show more
“…However, this value depends on the wool fibre type as well as applied characterization methods. 29 Figure 5.Optical image of the untreated wool fibre and treated with different methods.…”
Hydrophilization of wool fabrics was performed by silver nanoparticles with different surface charge using three different methods: exhausting, pad–dry–cure and in situ synthesis. Dynamic wetting measurements and surface topography analysis were used to evaluate surface changes on wool fabrics. The wool samples in situ loaded revealed the highest fabric roughness and porosity, while the use of the pad–dry–cure method leads to the lowest fabric porosity, and its roughness values approximately were the same as those for samples loaded with the exhaustion method. The results revealed that loading silver nanoparticles with high surface charges onto wool fabrics via the exhaustion method can significantly improve the hydrophilicity of wool fibre surface. The possible reasons for this improvement are discussed.
“…However, this value depends on the wool fibre type as well as applied characterization methods. 29 Figure 5.Optical image of the untreated wool fibre and treated with different methods.…”
Hydrophilization of wool fabrics was performed by silver nanoparticles with different surface charge using three different methods: exhausting, pad–dry–cure and in situ synthesis. Dynamic wetting measurements and surface topography analysis were used to evaluate surface changes on wool fabrics. The wool samples in situ loaded revealed the highest fabric roughness and porosity, while the use of the pad–dry–cure method leads to the lowest fabric porosity, and its roughness values approximately were the same as those for samples loaded with the exhaustion method. The results revealed that loading silver nanoparticles with high surface charges onto wool fabrics via the exhaustion method can significantly improve the hydrophilicity of wool fibre surface. The possible reasons for this improvement are discussed.
“…For human hair, the cuticle is formed by 5 to 10 scales thick and the thickness and length of each scale is between 0.3 and 0.5 µm and between 5 and 10 µm, respectively [19]. For animal fibres, cuticles vary significantly between species where cashmere cuticle thickness is between 0.5 and 0.6 µm [22]. Due to chemical and structural similarities between human and animal hairs, goat hair was used in this work as a model for human hair.…”
Section: Goat Hair As Model For Human Hairmentioning
Advances made in recent years have allowed the application of colorants obtained from natural sources into textile dyeing. The use of ultrasound in the dyeing method is reported to increase dye uptake and decrease dyeing times. The aim of this work is to further extend the knowledge of natural hair dyes considering the use of ultrasound in the dyeing method with commercially available herbal dyes and using goat hair as a model for human hair. Optimal ultrasonic parameters were selected by considering the effects of sonication times (5, 10 and 15 min), frequencies (44, 400 and 1000 kHz) and total dyeing times (30, 60 and 120 min) in the morphology of the dyed hair and the colour intensity. Damage to the hair surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, differences in colour of the dyed hair was obtained by ImageJ analysis and quantification of dye uptake was determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The evidence from this study suggests an increase in goat hair coloration with the use of ultrasonic energy. Optimal dyeing conditions in consideration of colouration efficacy without hair damage were identified as sonication at 400 kHz for 10 min with a total dyeing time of 60 min.
“…Many factors affecting fibre friction, such as speed, input tension, lubricant viscosity, cylinder surface roughness and other parameters. Surface scales can be observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [26][27][28][29]. Thus, friction measurement at different speeds are likely to be representative of the friction conditions for different stretching ratios keratin fibres.…”
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