Cuticle ultrastructure in Brachyphyllum garciarum sp. nov (Lower Cretaceous, Argentina) reveals its araucarian affinity

Carrizo, Martín; Diaz, Maiten A. Lafuente; Fueyo, Georgina M. Del; Guignard, Gaëtan

doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.06.014

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The wax cuticle is frequently the only structure preserved in fossil plants (e.g. Oldham 1976 ; Watson 1977 ; Carrizo et al 2019 ). From this ‘exoskeleton’ of the leaf it is not possible to demonstrate the type of physiological stomatal behaviour exhibited by a fossil plant (Haworth et al 2013 ), as even closely related species exhibit contrasting physiological behaviours, and many plants have ‘lost’ the capacity for active stomatal physiology (Doi et al 2015 ; Hõrak et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Stomatal Responses To [Co 2 ] and Implications For The Stomatal Methods Of Palaeo-[co 2 ] mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops

et al. 2021

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Stomata are central players in the hydrological and carbon cycles, regulating the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis and transpirative loss of water (H2O) between plants and the atmosphere. The necessity to balance water-loss and CO2-uptake has played a key role in the evolution of plants, and is increasingly important in a hotter and drier world. The conductance of CO2 and water vapour across the leaf surface is determined by epidermal and stomatal morphology (the number, size, and spacing of stomatal pores) and stomatal physiology (the regulation of stomatal pore aperture in response to environmental conditions). The proportion of the epidermis allocated to stomata and the evolution of amphistomaty are linked to the physiological function of stomata. Moreover, the relationship between stomatal density and [CO2] is mediated by physiological stomatal behaviour; species with less responsive stomata to light and [CO2] are most likely to adjust stomatal initiation. These differences in the sensitivity of the stomatal density—[CO2] relationship between species influence the efficacy of the ‘stomatal method’ that is widely used to infer the palaeo-atmospheric [CO2] in which fossil leaves developed. Many studies have investigated stomatal physiology or morphology in isolation, which may result in the loss of the ‘overall picture’ as these traits operate in a coordinated manner to produce distinct mechanisms for stomatal control. Consideration of the interaction between stomatal morphology and physiology is critical to our understanding of plant evolutionary history, plant responses to on-going climate change and the production of more efficient and climate-resilient food and bio-fuel crops.

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Section: Stomatal Responses To [Co 2 ] and Implications For The Stomatal Methods Of Palaeo-[co 2 ] mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops

et al. 2021

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“…The method allows, for fossil plants belonging to very various taxa observed until now (Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Czekanowskiales, Pteridosperrmales, Cycadales…) and from various geological periods [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] – 18 , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] – 28 ], also for living plants as angiosperms and gymnosperms [ 19 , 20 ], a very satisfying observation of the cuticles through transmission electron microscope. These sections are very flat (the efficient infiltration of resin makes no disruption between cuticle and Epon resin, mainly thanks to the long embedding procedure of one week), high numbers of sections can be obtained as a routine, over a few hundreds for some taxa, enabling statistical measurements.…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for ultrastructural fine details of plant cuticles by transmission electron microscopy

Guignard

2021

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This method for plant cuticles was adapted from spores and pollen procedure. It already enabled to prepare ultrathin plant cuticle sections of 60–70 nanometers of thickness, in high numbers as a routine, and allowed statistical measurements as any other macro- and/or micro-features. It provides through transmission electron microscope clean and contrasted observations of layers and sublayers of the cuticle, at a magnification over 100,000 times. It has been used efficiently for taxonomy, signature of environment and evolution topics since the end of the nineties (Gaëtan Guignard, 2019), however it is detailed here step by step for the first time, and illustrated. It can serve in the future for many purposes, like other taxonomical comparisons, palaeoreconstructions and evolutionary considerations. Value of the protocol This method provides ultrathin plant cuticle sections of 60–70 nanometers of thickness Details of layers and sublayers of the cuticle are easily observed High numbers of sections allows statistical measurements as a routine

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“…The genera Cyparissidium Heer 1847, Sphenolepis Schenk 1871, Athrotaxites Unger 1849, and Brachyphyllum Brongniart 1828 can be excluded by their consistently appressed leaves, which are different from the spreading leaves in the present fossil (Table 1; Cantrill & Falcon‐Lang, 2001; Carrizo et al, 2019; Dong et al, 2014; T. M. Harris, 1979; Miller & LaPasha, 1984; Scanu, Kustatscher, & Pittau, 2015).…”

Section: Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 79%

First fossil foliage record in the red beds from the Upper Jurassic in the Sichuan Basin, southern China

et al. 2021

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Terrestrial red beds are extensively developed in the Upper Jurassic of the Sichuan Basin, southern China, where few fossils have been documented. Recently, abundant silicified wood specimens were found in the central Sichuan Basin, but no plant foliage fossils have been recorded from the same strata. Here, we report the first leafy shoot fossils collected from the red beds of the Upper Jurassic Penglaizhen Formation in Shehong City, central Sichuan Basin. Based on careful comparisons with potential Mesozoic conifer fossils, they were assigned to Pagiophyllum, an extinct conifer taxon of the family Cheirolepidicaceae. The generic classification agreed with the palaeovegetation features of the Penglaizhen Formation which were represented by gymnosperms of Araucariaceae (Agathoxylon-type wood) and Cheirolepidiaceae (Brachyoxylontype wood). The non-coexistence between the leafy shoot fossil and the petrified wood depicted a unique process of fossil preservation, which may be related to the palaeo-flood events in this area. The palaeoclimate background during the Late Jurassic of Shehong was suggested to be a hot and semi-arid or arid condition, supported by the Classopollisdominated (75-90%) pollen assemblage from the Penglaizhen Formation. The fossil foliage was collected from lacustrine or fluvial sediments. This suggests that the rainy season is a key factor in the development of regional lakes or rivers and flood events, which offered a suitable local environment for plant growth and helped construct a more complex ecological system, allowing a variety of creatures to survive in the central Sichuan Basin area.

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Cuticle ultrastructure in Brachyphyllum garciarum sp. nov (Lower Cretaceous, Argentina) reveals its araucarian affinity

Cited by 12 publications

References 68 publications

Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops

Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops

Method for ultrastructural fine details of plant cuticles by transmission electron microscopy

First fossil foliage record in the red beds from the Upper Jurassic in the Sichuan Basin, southern China

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