Cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of an awake behaving fly using direct analysis in real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Yew, Joanne Y.; Cody, Robert B.; Kravitz, Edward A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0802692105

Cited by 114 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Lipid analysis using DART has so far been limited to non-polar lipids such as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), TAGs, cholesterol and cuticular hydrocarbons [241][242][243][244]. For example, TAGs have been detected from olive oil desorbed from a glass rod, with a ten-fold increase in signal observed by doping ammonia into the gas stream to facilitate [M+NH 4 ] + ion formation [241].…”

Section: Direct Analysis In Real Time (Dart)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: More than just imaging

Ellis

Brown

Panhuis

et al. 2013

Progress in Lipid Research

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Mass spectrometry is now an indispensable tool for lipid analysis and is arguably the driving force in the renaissance of lipid research. In its various forms, mass spectrometry is uniquely capable of resolving the extensive compositional and structural diversity of lipids in biological systems. Furthermore, it provides the ability to accurately quantify molecular-level changes in lipid populations associated with changes in metabolism and environment; bringing lipid science to the "omics" age. The recent explosion of mass spectrometry-based surface analysis techniques is fuelling further expansion of the lipidomics field. This is evidenced by the numerous papers published on the subject of mass spectrometric imaging of lipids in recent years. While imaging mass spectrometry provides new and exciting possibilities, it is but one of the many opportunities direct surface analysis offers the lipid researcher. In this review we describe the current state-ofthe-art in the direct surface analysis of lipids with a focus on tissue sections, intact cells and thin-layer chromatography substrates. The suitability of these different approaches towards analysis of the major lipid classes along with their current and potential applications in the field of lipid analysis are evaluated. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractMass spectrometry is now an indispensable tool for lipid analysis and is arguably the driving force in the renaissance of lipid research. In its various forms, mass spectrometry is uniquely capable of resolving the extensive compositional and structural diversity of lipids in biological systems. Furthermore, it provides the ability to accurately quantify molecular-level changes in lipid populations associated with changes in metabolism and environment;bringing lipid science to the "omics" age. The recent explosion of mass spectrometry-based surface analysis techniques is fuelling further expansion of the lipidomics field. This is evidenced by the numerous papers published on the subject of mass spectrometric imaging of lipids in recent years. While imaging mass spectrometry provides new and exciting possibilities, it is but one of the many opportunities direct surface analysis offers the lipid researcher. In this review we describe the current state-of-the-art in the direct surface analysis of lipids with a focus on tissue sections, intact cells and thin-layer chromatography substrates.The suitability of these different approaches towards analysis of the major lipid classes along with their current and potential applications in the field of lip...

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Section: Direct Analysis In Real Time (Dart)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: More than just imaging

Ellis

Brown

Panhuis

et al. 2013

Progress in Lipid Research

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“…Many of the compounds that are detected by direct UV-LDI mass spectrometry of fly cuticle can also be analyzed from solution using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and by direct desorption in real time (DART) MS [3,38]. One advantage of these methods is that because protonated molecules can be produced, collisional induced dissociation (CID) can more readily be employed for structural elucidation and detection of functional groups like hydroxyls and acetates in oxygen-containing HCs.…”

Section: Comparison To Gc Esi and Dart Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Laser Desorption Ionization of Endogenous and Exogenous Compounds from Insect Cuticles: Practical and Methodologic Aspects

Yew

Soltwisch²,

Pirkl³

et al. 2011

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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We recently demonstrated that ultraviolet laser desorption ionization orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UV-LDI o-TOF MS) could be used for the matrix-free analysis of cuticular lipids (unsaturated aliphatic and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons and triacylglycerides) directly from individual Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (Yew, J. Y.; Dreisewerd, K.; Luftmann, H.; Pohlentz, G.; Kravitz, E. A., Curr. Biol. 2009, 19, 1245-1254. In this report, we show that the cuticular hydrocarbon, fatty acid, and triglyceride profiles of other insects and spiders can also be directly analyzed from intact body parts. Mandibular pheromones from the jaw of a queen honey bee are provided as one example. In addition, we describe analytical features and examine mechanisms underlying the methodology. Molecular ions of lipids can be generated by direct UV-LDI when non-endogenous compounds are applied to insect wings or other body parts. Current sensitivity limits are in the 10 pmol range. We show also the dependence of ion signal intensity on collisional cooling gas pressure in the ion source, laser wavelength (varied between 280-380 nm and set to 2.94 μm for infrared LDI), and laser pulse energy.

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“…Although the CHC profile of D. melanogaster has been characterized by several analytical techniques (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), it is not yet complete (3). In the present study, we used thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) to determine whether flies harbor so far unidentified CHCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pheromones mediating copulation and attraction in Drosophila

Dweck¹,

Ebrahim²,

Thoma³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

248

257

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Intraspecific olfactory signals known as pheromones play important roles in insect mating systems. In the model Drosophila melanogaster, a key part of the pheromone-detecting system has remained enigmatic through many years of research in terms of both its behavioral significance and its activating ligands. Here we show that Or47b-and Or88a-expressing olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) detect the fly-produced odorants methyl laurate (ML), methyl myristate, and methyl palmitate. Fruitless (fru M )-positive Or47b-expressing OSNs detect ML exclusively, and Or47b-and Or47b-expressing OSNs are required for optimal male copulation behavior. In addition, activation of Or47b-expressing OSNs in the male is sufficient to provide a competitive mating advantage. We further find that the vigorous male courtship displayed toward oenocyte-less flies is attributed to an oenocyte-independent sustained production of the Or47b ligand, ML. In addition, we reveal that Or88a-expressing OSNs respond to all three compounds, and that these neurons are necessary and sufficient for attraction behavior in both males and females. Beyond the OSN level, information regarding the three fly odorants is transferred from the antennal lobe to higher brain centers in two dedicated neural lines. Finally, we find that both Or47b-and Or88a-based systems and their ligands are remarkably conserved over a number of drosophilid species. Taken together, our results close a significant gap in the understanding of the olfactory background to Drosophila mating and attraction behavior; while reproductive isolation barriers between species are created mainly by species-specific signals, the mating enhancing signal in several Drosophila species is conserved. Drosophila | pheromone | mating | olfaction | olfactory circuit I n the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) act as pheremones and play important roles in courtship and aggregation behaviors. These pheremones include the female-specific aphrodisiacs (Z,Z)-7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD) and (Z,Z)-7,11-nonacosadiene (7,11-ND) and the male specific antiaphrodisiacs (Z)-7-tricosene (7-T) and 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA) (1). However, several lines of evidence suggest that other unidentified pheromones likely contribute to courtship and aggregation behaviors. Previous studies have demonstrated that an unidentified volatile sex pheromone produced by female flies stimulates male courtship (2-6). Flies anosmic to cVA exhibit residual attraction to live male flies, suggesting that other attractive cues are produced by flies that are independent of cVA and its neural circuit (7). Furthermore, no specific ligands other than cVA have been identified for the potential pheromone receptors expressed in OSNs of antennal trichoid sensilla (8). Moreover, OSNs expressing olfactory receptors Or47a and Or88a housed in trichoid sensilla respond to unidentified odors in male and female body wash extracts (9).Although the CHC profile of D. melanogaster has been characterized by several analytical techniq...

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Cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of an awake behaving fly using direct analysis in real-time time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 114 publications

References 34 publications

Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: More than just imaging

Surface analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry: More than just imaging

Direct Laser Desorption Ionization of Endogenous and Exogenous Compounds from Insect Cuticles: Practical and Methodologic Aspects

Pheromones mediating copulation and attraction in Drosophila

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