“…Some aspects of tephritid fruit fly semiochemistry have received significant attention, particularly the pheromones [ 34 , 35 ] they use to attract mates and for aggregation and the particular compounds found in fruit, food and certain flowers to which they are attracted [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Some work has also been performed on fruit fly cuticular chemistry because their cuticular chemical profiles tend to be highly species-specific [ 48 , 49 ] and have been used to resolve species, cryptic species and geographic variation in larvae [ 50 , 51 , 52 ] and adults [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. Beyond their use as chemotaxonomic tools, however, relatively little work has been performed on tephritid cuticular compounds.…”