Cuticular lipids of larvae and adults of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne

Baker, James E.; Sukkestad, Dennis R.; Nelson, Dennis R.; Fatland, Charlotte L.

doi:10.1016/0020-1790(79)90099-4

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other studies on cuticular lipids using solvent extraction have reported the occurrence of FFAs as well as TAGs and oxygenated compounds (Armold et al 1969;Brey et al 1985;Downer and Matthews 1976;Goodrich 1970;Hadley and Jackson 1977;Jackson et al 1981;Juárez et al 1984). Furthermore, the composition of FFAs and TAGs often is similar (Baker et al 1979;Lockey 1985). The results of our study suggest that the FFAs detected in the mentioned studies were extracted from deeper tissues of the insects, presumably being neither accessible for the SPME fiber nor for insect antennae.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…The major fatty acids detected on the cuticle of nearly all analyzed insects, i.e., tetradecanoic acid, (Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, and (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid and octadecanoic acid contributed 80 to 100 % of the total fatty acid profile. They were detected with both extraction methods (SPME-GC/MS and solvent extraction), and also have been reported in previous studies (Armold et al 1969;Baker et al 1979;Juárez et al 1984). They are typical constituents of TAGs and other NFADs of animal and plant origin (Harwood and Weselake 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Additionally, TAGs and other NFADs might easily be overlooked, because they are not detectable by standard gas chromatography (GC) techniques without transesterification into more volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (Cvačka et al 2006a, b;Millar 2010). Nevertheless, they have been found in whole-body extracts of insect species from several orders, for instance, in the big stonefly Pteronarcys californica (Armold et al 1969), the cigarette beetle Lasioderma serricorne (Baker et al 1979), the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Brey et al 1985), grasshoppers of the genus Melanoplus (Jackson 1981), and the kissing bug Triatoma infestans (Juárez et al 1984). Most of those studies, however, share a common problem in that they rely on whole-body extracts that are usually analyzed by GC or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Cvačka et al 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) with In Situ Transesterification: An Easy Method for the Detection of Non-volatile Fatty Acid Derivatives on the Insect Cuticle

Kühbandner

Rüther

2015

J Chem Ecol

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Triacylglycerides (TAGs) and other non-volatile fatty acid derivatives (NFADs) occur in large amounts in the internal tissues of insects, but their presence on the insect cuticle is controversially discussed. Most studies investigating cuticular lipids of insects involve solvent extraction, which implies the risk of extracting lipids from internal tissues. Here, we present a new method that overcomes this problem. The method employs solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) to sample NFADs by rubbing the SPME fiber over the insect cuticle. Subsequently, the sampled NFADs are transesterified in situ with trimethyl sulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) into more volatile fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which can be analyzed by standard GC/MS. We performed two types of control experiments to enable significant conclusions: (1) to rule out contamination of the GC/MS system with NFADs, and (2) to exclude the presence of free fatty acids on the insect cuticle, which would also furnish FAMEs after TMSH treatment, and thus might simulate the presence of NFADs. In combination with these two essential control experiments, the described SPME technique can be used to detect TAGs and/or other NFADs on the insect cuticle. We analyzed six insect species from four insect orders with our method and compared the results with conventional solvent extraction followed by ex situ transesterification. Several fatty acids typically found as constituents of TAGs were detected by the SPME method on the cuticle of all species analyzed. A comparison of the two methods revealed differences in the fatty acid compositions of the samples. Saturated fatty acids showed by trend higher relative abundances when sampled with the SPME method, while several minor FAMEs were detected only in the solvent extracts. Our study suggests that TAGs and maybe other NFADs are far more common on the insect cuticle than usually thought.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) with In Situ Transesterification: An Easy Method for the Detection of Non-volatile Fatty Acid Derivatives on the Insect Cuticle

Kühbandner

Rüther

2015

J Chem Ecol

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“…Rationale used in the interpretation of mass spectra of methylalkanes has been presented in several reports: 2-vs 4-methylalkanes [68,135] The molecular ion of long-chain methylalkanes is often not apparent by GC EI-MS, but is prominent by GC CI-MS [138]. In GC EI-MS, M-15 is the most intense ion in that region of the mass spectrum except in the case of 2-, 3-, or 4-methylalkanes, 3,X-, 4,X-, and 5,X-dimethylalkanes, and 3,X,Y-and 4,XrY-trimethylalkanes.…”

Section: Structural Elucidation Of Insect Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of insect cuticular lipids

Blomquist

Nelson²,

Renobales

1987

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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322

185

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The chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of insect cuticular lipids are reviewed. The types of components present in cuticular extracts are described with special emphasis on the occurrence and identification of the di-and trimethylalkanes and the newly discovered tetramethylalkanes. The methods used in the extraction of cuticular components are discussed, including recommendations to standardize procedures. The structural elucidation of methylalkanes, particularly the mass spectral interpretation of multi-methylbranched alkanes, is reviewed. The biosynthesis of cuticular lipids is discussed with emphasis on the hydrocarbon components, describing elongation reactions and the origin of the methyl branches. The effects of environment and development on cuticular lipids are reviewed.

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“…Such a compound class is represented by triacylglycerides (TAGs). These mostly non-volatile lipids are ubiquitous in insects as the most important storage form of energy, and have been occasionally found in whole-body extracts from insects (Baker et al, 1979;Brey et al, 1985). However, it has been unclear whether they are actually present on the epicuticle or merely co-extracted from the fat body or other internal tissues (Buckner, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the signature of cuticular lipids with contact sex pheromone function in a parasitic wasp

Kühbandner

Sperling

Mori³

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe surface of insects is covered by a complex mixture of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to prevent desiccation. In many species these lipids also have communicative functions, but often it is unknown which components are crucial for the behavioural response. Furthermore, it is often ignored that polar lipids also occur on the insectsʼ cuticle and might interact with CHCs. In the parasitic wasp Lariophagus distinguendus, CHCs function as a contact sex pheromone eliciting wing-fanning in males. Interestingly, not only females but also newly emerged males have the pheromone, resulting regularly in homosexual courtship. However, males deactivate the pheromone within the first two days after emergence. This deactivation is accompanied by the disappearance of 3-methylheptacosane (3-MeC27) and some minor components from the CHC profile of males. Here we show that 3-MeC27 is a key component of the contact sex pheromone which, however, triggers courtship behaviour only if an olfactory background of other cuticular lipids is present. Males responded to (S)-3-MeC27 enantioselectively when applied to filter paper but on three-dimensional dummies both enantiomers were behaviourally active, suggesting that physical stimuli also play a role in sexual communication of the wasps. Finally, we report that triacylglycerides (TAGs) are also essential components of the pheromone, and present evidence that TAGs actually occur on the cuticle of L. distinguendus. Our data provide novel insights into the semiochemical function of cuticular lipids by showing that the bioactivity of CHCs may be influenced by the stereochemistry and a synergetic interaction with long time ignored TAGs.

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Cuticular lipids of larvae and adults of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) with In Situ Transesterification: An Easy Method for the Detection of Non-volatile Fatty Acid Derivatives on the Insect Cuticle

Solid Phase Micro-extraction (SPME) with In Situ Transesterification: An Easy Method for the Detection of Non-volatile Fatty Acid Derivatives on the Insect Cuticle

Chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology of insect cuticular lipids

Deciphering the signature of cuticular lipids with contact sex pheromone function in a parasitic wasp

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