Cutin from Plants

Kolattukudy, Pappachan E.

doi:10.1002/3527600035.bpol3a01

Cited by 37 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Leaf cuticles have been isolated from many plant species and used in physiological transport studies or for detailed chemical analysis (Schreiber and Riederer, 1996;Kolattukudy, 2001a). However, the investigated species are neither good biochemical nor molecular genetic model systems leaving a great gap in our knowledge about cutin .…”

Section: Cuticles Can Be Isolated From Arabidopsis Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cutin, the matrix component of the cuticular membrane, is an insoluble biopolymer predominantly build from C 16 and C 18 aliphatics which are cross-linked via ester bonds, typically between carboxy and x-hydroxy groups of individual fatty acid derivatives (Deas and Holloway, 1977;Kolattukudy, 1981Kolattukudy, , 2001a). x-Hydroxyacids with additional hydroxyl and epoxy groups in secondary positions, mostly mid-chain, are the major products determined after hydrolytic depolymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoplastic polyesters in Arabidopsis surface tissues – A typical suberin and a particular cutin

et al. 2005

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Cutinized and suberized cell walls form physiological important plant-environment interfaces as they act as barriers limiting water and nutrient loss and protect from radiation and invasion by pathogens. Due to the lack of protocols for the isolation and analysis of cutin and suberin in Arabidopsis, the model plant for molecular biology, mutants and transgenic plants with a defined altered cutin or suberin composition are unavailable, causing that structure and function of these apoplastic barriers are still poorly understood. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Arabidopsis leaf cuticle thickness ranges from only 22 nm in leaf blades to 45 nm on petioles, causing the difficulty in cuticular membrane isolation. We report the use of polysaccharide hydrolases to isolate Arabidopsis cuticular membranes, suitable for depolymerization and subsequent compositional analysis. Although cutin characteristic xhydroxy acids (7%) and mid-chain hydroxylated fatty acids (8%) were detected, the discovery of a,x-diacids (40%) and 2-hydroxy acids (14%) as major depolymerization products reveals a so far novel monomer composition in Arabidopsis cutin, but with chemical analogy to root suberin. Histochemical and TEM analysis revealed that suberin depositions were localized to the cell walls in the endodermis of primary roots and the periderm of mature roots of Arabidopsis. Enzyme digested and solvent extracted root cell walls when subjected to suberin depolymerization conditions released x-hydroxy acids (43%) and a,x-diacids (24%) as major components together with carboxylic acids (9%), alcohols (6%) and 2-hydroxyacids (0.1%). This similarity to suberin of other species indicates that Arabidopsis roots can serve as a model for suberized tissue in general.

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Section: Cuticles Can Be Isolated From Arabidopsis Leavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic polyesters in Arabidopsis surface tissues – A typical suberin and a particular cutin

et al. 2005

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“…Oxygenations occur as midchain (C 8 , C 9 , or C 10 ) hydroxyl or v-hydroxyl groups and can be linked through ester bonds. Cutin monomers may be linked directly to each other or through esterification to glycerol (Kolattukudy, 2001a(Kolattukudy, , 2001bGraça et al, 2002;Pollard et al, 2008). To date however, the contribution of specific cutin monomers to cuticle permeability is completely unexplored.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Water Deficiency on Leaf Cuticle Lipids of Arabidopsis

et al. 2009

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Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants subjected to water deficit, sodium chloride (NaCl), or abscisic acid treatments were shown to exhibit a significant increase in the amount of leaf cuticular lipids. These stress treatments led to increases in cuticular wax amount per unit area of 32% to 80%, due primarily to 29% to 98% increases in wax alkanes. Of these treatments, only water deficit increased the total cutin monomer amount (by 65%), whereas both water deficit and NaCl altered the proportional amounts of cutin monomers. Abscisic acid had little effect on cutin composition. Water deficit, but not NaCl, increased leaf cuticle thickness (by 49%). Electron micrographs revealed that both water-deprived and NaCl-treated plants had elevated osmium accumulation in their cuticles. The abundance of cuticle-associated gene transcripts in leaves was altered by all treatments, including those performed in both pot-grown and in vitro conditions. Notably, the abundance of the ECERIFERUM1 gene transcript, predicted to function in alkane synthesis, was highly induced by all treatments, results consistent with the elevated alkane amounts observed in all treatments. Further, this induction of cuticle lipids was associated with reduced cuticle permeability and may be important for plant acclimation to subsequent water-limited conditions. Taken together, these results show that Arabidopsis provides an excellent model system to study the role of the cuticle in plant response to drought and related stresses, and its associated genetic and cellular regulation.

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“…Derived from cellular lipids, cutin and suberin are polymeric networks of oxygenated C16 and C18 fatty acids cross-linked by ester bonds, such that the carboxyl group of one fatty acid is linked to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group of another (Kolattukudy, 2001). Characterization of the Arabidopsis lcr (cyp86a8) mutant has implicated the CYP86A8 protein in the synthesis of epidermal cutin (Wellesen et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression and Evolution of the Arabidopsis CYP86A Subfamily

Duan

Schuler

2005

Plant Physiology

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Some members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CYP86A and CYP94B cytochrome P450 monooxygenase subfamilies, which share some sequence homology with the animal and fungal fatty acid hydroxylases, have been functionally defined as fatty acid ω-hydroxylases. With these activities, these and other fatty acid hydroxylases have potential roles in the synthesis of cutin, production of signaling molecules, and prevention of accumulation of toxic levels of free fatty acids. The constitutive and stress-inducible patterns of the five Arabidopsis CYP86A subfamily members have been defined in 7-d-old seedlings and 1-month-old plant tissues grown under normal conditions, and 7-d-old seedlings treated with different hormones (indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid, gibberellin, methyl jasmonic acid, brassinosteroid, salicylic acid), chemicals (clofibrate, 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylic acid), or environmental stresses (cold, wounding, drought, mannitol, etiolation). Very distinct expression patterns exist for each of these fatty acid hydroxylases under normal growth conditions and in response to environmental and chemical stresses. Analysis of the promoter sequences for each of these genes with their expression patterns has highlighted a number of elements in current databases that potentially correlate with the responses of individual genes.

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Cutin from Plants

Abstract: Introduction Historical Outline Occurrence and Ultrastructure of Cutin Isolation of Cutin Depolymerization of Cutin Chemical Depolymerization Enzymatic Depolymerization Monomer Composition of Cutin Structure of Cutin … Show more

Cited by 37 publications

References 95 publications

Apoplastic polyesters in Arabidopsis surface tissues – A typical suberin and a particular cutin

Apoplastic polyesters in Arabidopsis surface tissues – A typical suberin and a particular cutin

The Impact of Water Deficiency on Leaf Cuticle Lipids of Arabidopsis

Differential Expression and Evolution of the Arabidopsis CYP86A Subfamily

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