Circulation Journal Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society http://www. j-circ.or.jp reatment of patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a clinical and technical challenge. Bare-metal stents (BMS), still widely used during coronary interventions, suffer from relatively high rates of ISR recurrence. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have drastically reduced the incidence of ISR, but the problem has not been completely eliminated. Indeed, treatment of DES-ISR appears to confer poorer results than those seen in BMS-ISR. 1,2 Currently, the standard of care for patients suffering from BMS-ISR remains DES implantation. 3,4 Several randomized studies have demonstrated the benefit of DES over alternative strategies in this setting. 3,4 Although DES are widely used in the management of DES-ISR results of such an intervention appear less favorable. 1,2 Further, whether a switch strategy is superior to re-intervention with the same DES remains controversial. 1,2 Finally, the drug-eluting balloon has raised great expectations, 5 but its value in DES-ISR needs to be established.
Article p 1837ISR is caused by severe neointimal proliferation obstructing the stent lumen. Therefore, the use of debulking strategies to tackle this resistant, elastic, tissue was considered an attractive option. However, ablative techniques failed to meet initial expectations and were complicated by high recurrence rates. 6 Another strategy to "modify/prepare" the underlying proliferative tissue is cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA). Initial studies suggested the safety and efficacy of CBA in this scenario; 7 however, a large randomized study failed to demonstrate the superiority of CBA over plain balloon angioplasty (PBA), although CBA prevented balloon-slippage related-problems. 8,9 With the advent of DES the caveat of edge DES-ISR was re-emphasized. 1 In this setting, CBA might also offer an attractive strategy.In this issue of the Journal, Park et al 10 report on the use of CBA in a large cohort of patients with ISR. Notably, a significant number of patients were treated for DES-ISR. This is relevant considering the scarce information currently available on the management of DES-ISR with CBA.
Previous StudiesISR constitutes an adverse anatomic substrate. CBA microblades are capable of longitudinally incising neointimal obstructive tissue, thus potentially facilitating its extrusion/ redistribution. Precise control of the injured segment boundaries, avoiding undesirable forward/backward balloon movements, is also very important when dealing with the slippery tissue causing ISR. Our group previously analyzed the implications of the "watermelon seeding" phenomenon. 11 This problem (detected in 9% of 450 patients with BMS-ISR) was frequently found in long and severe lesions and was associated with complex and prolonged procedures, suboptimal results, residual dissections and unplanned stent requirement. Importantly, balloon slippage was associated with poorer long-term angiographic results. 11 Many initial studies suggested the value of...