Abstract:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is one of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers with excellent machinability and chemical stability applied to precise structural plates and electronic components. This study installed multiple sensors to analyze the machining characteristics in the PEEK drilling. According to the time domain signals, the effects of spindle speed and feed rate on the machining characteristics of cutting force and vibration were investigated. In addition, an infrared thermography was installed … Show more
“…3 (a). Such chip morphology is fairly similar to chips seen in drilling of pure thermoplastics such as PA, PEEK, and ABS [45][46][47], and it is in strong contrast to the flaky / powdery chips of CF/epoxy [39,40], see Fig. 4.…”
Fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymer (FRTP) composites have been used for a wide range of engineering applications (e.g. in transport, construction, energy, etc) due to their excellent mechanical properties and ease of repair and recycling. In recent years, FRTP is increasingly deployed as an alternative to conventional thermoset carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (CF/epoxy) composites, for the purpose of reducing the carbon footprint and contributing to a sustainable manufacturing agenda. Machining of FRTP remains an indispensable process to achieve rapid parts assembly whilst meeting stringent geometric tolerances. However, due to the heterogeneous structure and high thermal sensitivity of FRTP, a range of machining-induced damages (such as matrix smearing, thermal degradation, delamination, burr and surface cavity) often occur, leading to concerns on machined parts quality and reliability. To date, composite machining studies have been mostly focused on conventional thermoset CF/epoxy and there is a lack of an up-to-date, in-depth review of the latest advancement concerning the machining of FRTP. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview on the recent developments in FRTP machining over the past decade, with a particular emphasis on machining characteristics, damage mechanisms as well as the challenges facing such manufacturing process. The purpose is to present the composite manufacturing community with a timely update, which may guide and inspire further research and development for future FRTP manufacturing.
“…3 (a). Such chip morphology is fairly similar to chips seen in drilling of pure thermoplastics such as PA, PEEK, and ABS [45][46][47], and it is in strong contrast to the flaky / powdery chips of CF/epoxy [39,40], see Fig. 4.…”
Fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymer (FRTP) composites have been used for a wide range of engineering applications (e.g. in transport, construction, energy, etc) due to their excellent mechanical properties and ease of repair and recycling. In recent years, FRTP is increasingly deployed as an alternative to conventional thermoset carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (CF/epoxy) composites, for the purpose of reducing the carbon footprint and contributing to a sustainable manufacturing agenda. Machining of FRTP remains an indispensable process to achieve rapid parts assembly whilst meeting stringent geometric tolerances. However, due to the heterogeneous structure and high thermal sensitivity of FRTP, a range of machining-induced damages (such as matrix smearing, thermal degradation, delamination, burr and surface cavity) often occur, leading to concerns on machined parts quality and reliability. To date, composite machining studies have been mostly focused on conventional thermoset CF/epoxy and there is a lack of an up-to-date, in-depth review of the latest advancement concerning the machining of FRTP. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview on the recent developments in FRTP machining over the past decade, with a particular emphasis on machining characteristics, damage mechanisms as well as the challenges facing such manufacturing process. The purpose is to present the composite manufacturing community with a timely update, which may guide and inspire further research and development for future FRTP manufacturing.
“…But no drastic change or rise in interface temperature is sensed due to the lower coefficient of friction of polymer materials which produces less friction and thereby increases the performance of the centrifugal clutch. 49,50 Figure 9.Comparison of experimental and analytical contact temperature (a) PP, CR and 800 rpm, (b) PP, CR and 900 rpm, (c) PP, CR and 1000 rpm, (d) PP, EL and 800 rpm.Figure 10.Comparison of experimental and analytical contact temperature (a) PP, EL and 900 rpm, (b) PP, EL and 1000 rpm, (c) PP, SF and 800 rpm, (h) PP, SF and 900 rpm.…”
This paper discusses and analyses a compliant centrifugal clutch with different materials. Compliant centrifugal clutch specimens required for investigation are prepared by an injection moulding process. Experiments are conducted based on the experiments designed as per Taguchi’s Design of Experiment (DoE); an L27 Orthogonal Array (OA) is formulated and a multi-response optimisation approach Technique of Order Preference Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is adopted for optimising torque carrying capacity, wear rate and, contact temperature. Experiments are conducted for three different polymer materials viz., polypropylene (PP), Delrin (DE) and polyurethane (PU) with three different profiles, circular (CR), elliptical (EL) and square fillet (SF), along with varying rotating speeds. The outcome shows that by changing the clutch material and flexure profiles, a substantial variation in torque carrying capacity, wear rate and contact temperature is observed.
“…Conventional machining methods are used to machine CFRP and FGRP composite material [11] . The drilling, milling, and grinding processes represent a significant part of machining these materials in the automotive industry [72,73] . The drilling process has an essential role in the final assembly of large and structural parts, as well as for lightweight and automotive components [13] , since considering the higher loads applied to structural applications and due to safety reasons, there is still the necessity of classical mechanical joining involving machining of correlated screws holes [14] .…”
Polyamide (PA) is a well-known and researched thermoplastic due to its excellent mechanical and physical properties, making it developed in the automotive sector, suitable for lighter vehicles, and, consequently, lower fuel consumption. This review manuscript presents the applications of PA-based materials in the manufacture of vehicle parts, with a description of their processing, a discussion about their thermal properties and the crystallization of polymer structure, the challenges of machining PA-based composite materials, and the feasibility of recyclability. This work aims to revise literature about the use of polyamide 6 (PA6), polyamide 66 (PA66), and polyamide 12 (PA12) and their composites reinforced with fiberglass (FG) and carbon fiber (CF) focused on the potential that these materials have as alternative materials for the automotive industry.
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