In recent years, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, including nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes have been receiving a great deal of research attention due to their special and outstanding many characteristics that play a very important role in the manufacture of high-performance devices, including photodetectors, solar cells, light emitting diodes and power nano-generators, with novel functionalities. To date, a number of materials have been employed in the production of 1D structures for the fabrication of high-performance electronic and opto-electronic devices. Due to its stability, high conductivity, high electron affinity, and outstanding electron mobility, zinc oxide (ZnO) stands out among the others as a material that is particularly appealing to be employed in a variety of opto-electronic device applications. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the most recent advances in popular synthesis methods and photovoltaic applications of 1D ZnO nanostructures, including our own recent studies. In particular, a special focus is given on the progress in 1D ZnO nanostructures based inorganic solar cells. Future research opportunities and challenges for solar cells based on 1D ZnO nanostructures are also highlighted.