Cyanate Ester Monomers and Oligomers. Overview of the Modern Research State and Perspectives

Cyanate Ester Polymerization: Overview of Mechanistic and Kinetic Aspects

“…Comparison of infrared (IR) spectrum of reaction mixture with the one of pure imidocarbonate confirmed this assumption. [32] Moreover, the formation of these intermediates was later confirmed by a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study of the polymerization products of 13 C and 15 N labeled cyanate esters. [35] It was also proposed that in the presence of a large amount of phenols (>5 mol %) cyclotrimerization of imidocarbonate molecules may also contribute to the triazine formation [32] Figure 2.…”

“…[ 8–11 ] Detailed surveys of the cyanate resins properties and applications are given in several review articles. [ 4,11–13 ]…”

“…[8][9][10][11] Detailed surveys of the cyanate resins properties and applications are given in several review articles. [4,[11][12][13] Properties of cyanate resins directly relate to their structure, which, in turn, is associated with the features of cyanate ester group. In general, the presence of electrophilic carbon atom in OCN group promotes numerous nucleophilic addition reactions with phenols, amines, thiols, organometallic reagents, etc.…”

“…[26] Cyanate esters polymerization has been reviewed repeatedly. [4,[11][12][13]27] However, the mechanistic and kinetic aspects of the polymerization process so far have received undeservedly little attention. A review of these aspects is due especially considering the progress made over the past two decades in the area of kinetic analysis of the multistep condensed-phase reactions as measured by calorimetry.…”