Cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood and urine of workers with low-grade exposure to cyanide

Maehly, A. C.; Swensson, A

doi:10.1007/bf01027416

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This may be the reason why Maehly and Swensson (1970) were unable to correlate the blood levels of thiocyanate with the cyanide concentration in the air. The mean values of this metabolite in the second half of the working week during two successive months, were plotted against the mean values of the concentrations of cyanides in air during the same period.…”

Section: Haematological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cyanide exposure: a clinical, radioisotope, and laboratory study.

Ghawabi¹,

Gaafar²,

El-Saharti³

et al. 1975

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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The effect of chronic cyanide exposure in the electroplating sections of three factories employing 36 workers was studied and compared with a control group. The concentration of cyanides to which the workers were exposed was measured. The regression line showing the relationship between thiocyanates in urine and the concentration of cyanides in the air was plotted. Increased percentages of haemoglobin and lymphocyte count were present in all exposed workers, in addition to punctate basophilia in 28 workers. Cyanmethaemoglobin was found to be characteristic. Apart from other complaints, two men with psychosis similar to one case reported in therapeutic thiocyanate intoxication were found. Twenty of the workers had thyroid enlargements to a variable degree and consistency, in two of whom it resembled lymphadenoid goitre. Thyroid 131I uptakes at 4 and 24 hours were significantly higher than in the controls, while 131PBI was unchanged. The reason for this iodine deficiency-like action is discussed.

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Section: Haematological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic cyanide exposure: a clinical, radioisotope, and laboratory study.

Ghawabi¹,

Gaafar²,

El-Saharti³

et al. 1975

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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show abstract

“…The conclusions in the summary of the recommended AEGL levels utilize these studies as supporting studies. Thus, an absence of any mention of health effects becomes a positive assertion that none exist and the existence of any sampling data is transformed into average full shift personal data: ''additional monitoring studies with mean exposures to 5 ppm failed to report adverse health effects [Hardy et al, 1950;Maehly and Swensson, 1970].'' The studies are then used to justify the finding that 5 ppm exposures were investigated and no health effects resulted: ''dividing the 8-hr 5 ppm concentration of the Grabois [1954], Hardy et al [1950], or Maehly and Swensson [1970] studies by an intraspecies uncertainty factor of 3 or dividing the 1-hr 8 ppm concentration of the El Ghawabi et al [1975] study by an intraspecies uncertainty factor of three results in very similar AEGL 1 values.''…”

Section: Aegl Committee Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The continued use by the AEGL committee of studies with no health effects investigation for AEGL-1 determination would be a poor practice, inappropriate, and antiquated. By adding the Grabois [1954], Hardy et al [1950], and Maehly and Swensson [1970] studies this AEGL risk methodology may best be characterized as a weight-of-no-evidence consideration.…”

Section: Aegl Committee Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hardy et al [1950] is a report of two HCN poisoning cases with no exposure data. Maehly and Swensson [1970] report cyanide and thiocyanate levels in biological fluids for smoking and non-smoking workers exposed to low levels of HCN but there is no symptom investigation. The fifth study is El Ghawabi et al [1975]; it is an investigation of health effects of electroplating workers in three factories with short-term personal exposure measurements.…”

Section: Hcnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Maehly and Swensson [1970] report is titled ''Cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood and urine of workers with low-grade exposure to cyanide.'' This is primarily the description of biological cyanide and thiocyanate levels for smoking and non-smoking workers exposed to low levels of HCN.…”

Section: Maehly and Swensson 1970mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tales of acute risk assessment: Health effects made out of whole cloth

Morawetz

2005

American J Industrial Med

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Endogenous generation of cyanide in neuronal tissue: Involvement of a peroxidase system

et al. 2000

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In a study of the mechanism by which cyanide is produced in neural tissue, it was hypothesized that nerve cells generate cyanide in a manner similar to that in leukocytes. As in white blood cells, glycine addition enhanced cyanide production in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Because myeloperoxidase catalyses cyanide production in leukocytes, a selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor (aminobenzoic acid hydrazide) was tested and found to inhibit opiate agonist‐induced cyanide production in pheochromocytoma cells and also in rat brain. In addition, hydrogen peroxide enhanced cyanide release in pheochromocytoma cells, further suggesting that the process is oxidative in nature. Sonicated rat pheochromocytoma cells did not generate cyanide in response to an agonist acting on surface receptors even though disrupted cells responded to glycine. The mitochondrial fraction from rat brain produced more cyanide in response to glycine than any other fraction. Thus glycine seems to act at an intracellular site to enhance cyanide production and the process seems to involve a peroxidase mechanism similar to that reported for white blood cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 61:570–575, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Cyanide and thiocyanate levels in blood and urine of workers with low-grade exposure to cyanide

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Chronic cyanide exposure: a clinical, radioisotope, and laboratory study.

Chronic cyanide exposure: a clinical, radioisotope, and laboratory study.

Tales of acute risk assessment: Health effects made out of whole cloth

Endogenous generation of cyanide in neuronal tissue: Involvement of a peroxidase system

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