Cyanide Toxicity from Sodium Nitroprusside: Risks and Management

Rindone, Joseph P.; Sloane, Edward P.

doi:10.1177/106002809202600413

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A higher dosage (15 Ìg/min/kg) of SNP could lead to a rapid and large decrease in MABP. Although cyanide toxicity can occur at a wide range of dosage of SNP (2.3-120 Ìg/min/kg), overall incidence of cyanide toxicity appears to be infrequent [29]. We did not measure the blood cyanide level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Nitroprusside Prevents Oxygen-Free-Radical-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Piglets

Medbø

Saugstad³

1999

Neonatology

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The aim of the present study was to test whether hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (XO) induced a pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn piglets, and whether this vasoconstriction could be attenuated or abolished by pretreatment of nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Twenty-five anesthetized newborn piglets (1–3 days old) were randomly assigned to the following four groups: the control group received saline intravenously only; the XO group received 0.1 mmol/kg of hypoxanthine subsequent with XO (1.5 U/kg); the SNP group received the same dosages of hypoxanthine/ XO together with SNP intravenously, allopurinol (ALP) group received ALP intravenously prior to hypoxanthine and XO injection. After giving XO, the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and vascular resistance (PVR) increased, while the cardiac index decreased significantly in the XO group. By contrast, these variables were not significantly modified by XO injection in the SNP and ALP groups. The data suggest that oxygen free radicals induce a pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn piglets, and this vasoconstriction can be prevented by infusion of the NO donor SNP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Nitroprusside Prevents Oxygen-Free-Radical-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Piglets

Medbø

Saugstad³

1999

Neonatology

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“…Significant differences in the 24 h mean lethality rate were observed between 2 and 4 weeks old mice (χ 2 = 36,51; P < 0.0001) and between 2 and 8 weeks old animals (χ 2 = 31,54; P < 0.0001), while no statistically significant difference was observed between 4 and 8 weeks old mice. Toxic effects of SNP have been linked to cyanide poisoning [47,48]. Cyanide gradually released is converted to thiocyanate [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dosing-Time Dependence of Lethal Toxicity Induced by Nitroprusside in Young Mice

Sani¹

2011

J Clin Toxicol

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Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent vasodilator and is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent in postoperative cardiac surgical patients. In this study, we investigated whether the SNP-induced lethality is influenced by the dosing-time. Mortality was induced by administering SNP in different doses (4.9, 5.4, 6.0, 6.6 mg/kg, i.p.) to Swiss albino mice, 2 to 8 weeks old, synchronized for at least 2 weeks by 12 h light (rest)/12 h dark (activity) span. Each dose was administered to comparable groups of animals (n= 6) at six different circadian times: 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 hours after light onset (HALO). Both χ 2 and cosinor methods were used to analyze the time series data. Statistically significant dosing time-dependent changes were validated in the daily scale with the males more sensitive than females. A ultradian (τ = 12 h) rhythm was detected by cosinor (P < 0.002) for each of the three administered doses (4.9, 5.4, 6.0 mg/kg) in 2 week old mice of both genders. Moreover, in addition to the ultradian rhythm, a significant (P < 0.004) circadian (τ = 24 h) component had been detected in 6 mg/kg SNP-treated male mice. However, there was only a circadian rhythm detected in 4 and 8 weeks old mice after acute SNP (6.0, 6.6 mg/kg) treatment, with peak time located at ≈ 21 and ≈ 17 HALO, respectively. In conclusion, tolerance to nitroprusside varies not only according to the circadian time but also according to the dose, age, and gender of animal.

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“…Co-adminstration of the antidote sodium thiosulphate with SNP usually prevents increases in cyanide concentrations during anaesthesia or long-term SNP infusion [2,3,4]. We report on a newborn with congenital heart disease who developed severe lactic acidosis due to the administration of SNP despite co-medication with sodium thiosulphate.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Lactic acidosis caused by sodium nitroprusside in a newborn with congenital heart disease

et al. 2005

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Cyanide Toxicity from Sodium Nitroprusside: Risks and Management

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Sodium Nitroprusside Prevents Oxygen-Free-Radical-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Piglets

Sodium Nitroprusside Prevents Oxygen-Free-Radical-Induced Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Newborn Piglets

Dosing-Time Dependence of Lethal Toxicity Induced by Nitroprusside in Young Mice

Lactic acidosis caused by sodium nitroprusside in a newborn with congenital heart disease

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