Cyanobacteria as Nanogold Factories: Chemical and Anti-Myocardial Infarction Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lyngbya majuscula

Abstract

To the best of our knowledge, cyanobacterial strains from the Arabian Gulf have never been investigated with respect to their potential for nanoparticle production. Lyngbya majuscula was isolated from the AlOqair area, Al-Ahsa Government, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cyanobacterium was initially incubated with 1500 mg/mL of HAuCl4 for two days. The blue-green strain turned purple, which indicated the intracellular formation of gold nanoparticles. Prolonged incubation for over two months triggered the extracellular production of nanogold particles. UV-visible spectroscopy measurements indicated the presence of a resonance plasmon band at ~535 nm, whereas electron microscopy scanning indicated the presence of gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 41.7 ± 0.2 nm. The antioxidant and anti-myocardial infarction activities of the cyanobacterial extract, the gold nanoparticle solution, and a combination of both were investigated in animal models. Isoproterenol (100 mg/kg, SC (sub cutaneous)) was injected into experimental rats for three days to induce a state of myocardial infarction; then the animals were given cyanobacterial extract (200 mg/kg/day, IP (intra peritoneal)), gold nanoparticles (200 mg/kg/day, IP), ora mixture of both for 14 days. Cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and antioxidant enzymes were determined as indicators of myocardial infarction. The results showed that isoproterenol elevates ST and QT segments and increases heart rate and serum activities of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-myocardial bound (CP-MB), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT). It also reduces heart tissue content of glutathione peroxidase (GRx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the arterial pressure indices of systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Gold nanoparticles alone or in combination with cyanobacterial extract produced an inhibitory effect on isoproterenol-induced changes in serum cardiac injury markers, ECG, arterial pressure indices, and antioxidant capabilities of the heart.

<p>Cyanobacteria – A Promising Platform in Green Nanotechnology: A Review on Nanoparticles Fabrication and Their Prospective Applications</p>

“…El-Sheekh et al studied the inhibitory activity of Ag-NPs synthesized by S. platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Scenedesmus obliquus against Microcystis aeruginosa. 129 M. aeruginosa are well known to be harmful microalgal, which secrete toxins that induce liver cancer. The results of this work encouraged the use of Ag-NPs as antialgal agents to reduce the harmful effect of M. aeruginosa.…”

“…Bakir et al and Younis et al reported that Au-NPs synthesized by L. majuscule have anti-myocardial infarction properties. 129,130 They showed that Au-NPs alone or with cyanobacterial extract inhibit the isoproterenol-induced changes in serum cardiac injury markers, ECG, arterial pressure indices, and antioxidant capabilities of the heart. Also, Ag-NPs synthesized by phycobiliproteins extracted from Nostoc sp.…”

Green production of silver nanoparticles, evaluation of their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica and their impact on growth of faba bean

“…Meanwhile, microalgae are considered as a promising tool for nanoparticle production due to their high growth rates and high biomass production. Cyanobacteria, such as Gloeocapsa sp., Lyngbya majuscula, Spirulina platensis, and Anabaena variabilis, have been reported for the biosynthesis of intracellular silver, gold, palladium, and platinum nanoparticles (NPs) [7,[13][14][15][16]. Qualities of nanoparticles are strongly correlated to their size where the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles resulted in tremendous increase in their physical, chemical, and biological properties [17].…”

Bacterial synthesis of nanoparticles: A green approach

“…and Pseudomonas stutzeri, which were adapted to alkaline conditions, can be used for efficient biosynthesis of AuNPs, which exhibits potential biomedical use (San Diego et al, 2019). AuNPs nanoparticles obtained using Lyngby Majuscule are used to prevent myocardial infarction (Bakir et al, 2018). Marine bacteria Marinobacter algicola formed various types of AuNPs at pH 7.0, at 30 °C in the presence of nitrate reductase, such as spherical, triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal with the average size of 4-168 nm (Gupta & Padmanabhan, 2018).…”

“…The nanoparticles obtained in this way show better biocompatibility due to the absence of adsorbed toxic substances. Much of the experimental research has been conducted to create diagnostic and therapeutic nanosheets (Barabadi et al, 2017;Bakir et al, 2018;Mohanasrinivasan et al, 2018).…”