Cyanobacterial amendment boosts plant growth and flower quality in Chrysanthemum through improved nutrient availability

Untargeted GC–MS reveals differential regulation of metabolic pathways in cyanobacterium Anabaena and its biofilms with Trichoderma viride and Providencia sp.

“…Cyanobacteria release several metabolites rich in carbon, and nitrogen which stimulate the growth of plants and modulate the C—N status of soil, as documented across several crops ( Prasanna et al., 2014 ; Bharti et al., 2021 , 2021b ; Kokila et al., 2022 ). Their application as cyanobacterial biofilms based biofertilizers in agriculture has been evaluated in various crops such as rice, wheat, maize, flowers and vegetables towards improving soil fertility and macro- and micronutrient enrichment in produce, particularly biofortification to improve iron and zinc content in grains/produce ( Abuye and Achamo, 2016 ; Shahane et al., 2020a ; Sharma et al., 2021 ).…”

Elevated CO2 along with inoculation of cyanobacterial biofilm or its partners differentially modulates C–N metabolism and quality of tomato beneficially

“…Chitosanase activity was performed using the protocol optimized earlier [ 6 ]. Fresh leaf samples (1 g) were finely grounded using phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0), followed by centrifugation at 9000× g for 10 min at 4 °C.…”

“…Fresh leaf samples were taken (2 g) in a chilled mortar and pestle, macerated using 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (5 ml, pH 7.2), centrifuged at 9000× g for 15 min at 4 °C and the clear supernatant transferred into another tube and used for assaying the four enzymes, as optimized earlier [ 6 ]. The activity of Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase ( PAL) was carried out using the supernatant (100 μl) and 0.2% l -phenylalanine (600 μl) in a glass vial, incubated at 30 °C for 60 min, followed by the addition of 2 N HCl to stop the reaction.…”

“…In this context, photosynthetic microbes with the ability to grow autotrophically using sunlight and CO 2 are gaining importance as agents of CO 2 sequestration, among which diazotrophs may prove more beneficial to C–N dynamics. Several cyanobacteria release metabolites rich in carbon, which stimulate the growth of plants and improve the C–N status of soil, as documented in tomatoes and other crops [ 6 , 7 ]. Cyanobacteria are recognized for their role as bioinoculants which lead to savings of nitrogenous fertilizers, in addition to improvement in soil nutrient availability, plant growth and yields in cereals, cotton, chrysanthemum, and solanaceous vegetables including tomato [ 6 , [8] , [9] , [10] ].…”

“…Several cyanobacteria release metabolites rich in carbon, which stimulate the growth of plants and improve the C–N status of soil, as documented in tomatoes and other crops [ 6 , 7 ]. Cyanobacteria are recognized for their role as bioinoculants which lead to savings of nitrogenous fertilizers, in addition to improvement in soil nutrient availability, plant growth and yields in cereals, cotton, chrysanthemum, and solanaceous vegetables including tomato [ 6 , [8] , [9] , [10] ]. Cyanobacterial inoculation can also be effective in biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi [ 11 ], and elicit plant defense machinery and immunity towards abiotic and biotic stresses.…”